{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T05:46:22Z","timestamp":1772343982744,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper advances an approach to presupposition rooted in the concept of commitment, a dialectical notion weaker than truth and belief. It investigates ancient medieval dialectical theories and develops the insights thereof for analyzing how presuppositions are evaluated and why a proposition is presupposed. In particular, at a pragmatic level, presuppositions are reconstructed as the conclusions of implicit arguments from presumptive reasoning, grounded on presumptions of different type and nature. A false (or rather unaccepted) presupposition can be thus represented as the outcome of a conflict of presumptions \u2013 the ones used by the speaker and the ones commonly accepted or backed by evidence. From an interpretative perspective, this defaulted presumptive reasoning can be explained by comparing the available presumptions and repaired by replacing the weaker and unacceptable ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/ip-2018-0008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T03:10:17Z","timestamp":1525144217000},"page":"291-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A dialectical approach to presupposition"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Macagno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IFILNOVA, FCSH NOVA , \u200e Lisbon , Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_001_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab1Aa","unstructured":"Abaelardus, Petrus. 1970. Dialectica. Lambertus Marie De Rijk (Ed.), Assen: Van Gorcum."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_002_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab2Aa","unstructured":"Aquinas, St Thomas. 1961. Commentary on the metaphysics of Aristotle. John Rowan (Ed.), Chicago: Henry Regnery Co."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_003_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab3Aa","unstructured":"Aquinas, St Thomas. 1962. Expositio libri Peryermeneias. Oeste, Jea. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_004_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab4Aa","unstructured":"Aquinas, St Thomas. 1990. Summa Theologiae: Volume 11, Man: 1a. 75-83. Timothy Suttor (Ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_005_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab5Aa","unstructured":"Aquinas, St Thomas. 2006. Summa Theologiae: Volume 32, Consequences of Faith: 2a2ae. 8-16. Thomas Gilby (Ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_006_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asher, Nicholas & Alex Lascarides. 1998. The semantics and pragmatics of presupposition. Journal of Semantics 15(3). 239\u2013300. doi:10.1093\/jos\/15.3.239.","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/15.3.239"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_007_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab7Aa","unstructured":"Ashworth, Jennifer. 1973. Existential Assumptions in Late Medieval Logic. American Philosophical Quarterl 10(2). 141\u2013147."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_008_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab8Aa","unstructured":"Atlas, Jay David. 1991. Topic\/comment, presupposition, logical form and focus stress implicatures: The case of focal particles only and also. Journal of Semantics 8(1\u20132). 127\u2013147."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_009_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atlas, Jay David. 2004. Descriptions, linguistic topic\/ comment,and negative existentials: A case study in the application of linguistic theory to problems in the philosophy of language. In Marga Reimer & Anne Bezuidenhout (eds.), Descriptions and beyond, 342\u2013360. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199270514.003.0010"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_010_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atlas, Jay David. 2005. Logic, meaning, and conversation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195133004.001.0001. http:\/\/www.oxfordscholarship.com\/view\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195133004.001.0001\/acprof-9780195133004","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195133004.001.0001"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_011_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atlas, Jay David. 2008. Presupposition. In Laurence Horn & Gregory Ward (eds.), The Handbook of pragmatics, 29\u201352. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1002\/9780470756959.ch2.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470756959.ch2"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_012_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac12Aa","unstructured":"Atlas, Jay David & Stephen Levinson. 1981. It-clefts, informativeness and logical form: Radical pragmatics (revised standard version). In Peter Cole (ed.), Radical pragmatics, 1\u201362. New York: Academic Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_013_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bach, Kent. 1999. The myth of conventional implicature. Linguistics and Philosophy 22. 237\u2013366.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005466020243"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_014_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaver, David. 2010. Have you noticed that your belly button lint colour is related to the colour of your clothing. In Rainer B\u00e4uerle, Uwe Reyle & Thomas Zimmerman (eds.), Presuppositions and Discourse: Essays Offered to Hans Kamp, 65\u201399. Oxford: Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004253162_004"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_015_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac15Aa","unstructured":"Beyssade, Claire & Jean-Marie Marandin. 2006. The speech act assignment problem revisited: Disentangling speaker\u2019s commitment from speaker\u2019s call on addressee. In Olivier Bonami & Patricia Cabredo Hofherr (eds.), Empirical issues in syntax and semantics, 37\u201368. vol. 6. Paris: Presses Universitaires de Paris Sorbonne."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_016_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beyssade, Claire & Jean-Marie Marandin. 2009. Commitment: Une attitude dialogique. Langue fran\u00e7aise 162(2). Armand Colin\/Dunod. 89. doi:10.3917\/lf.162.0089. (30 September, 2016). http:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-langue-francaise-2009-2-page-89.htm","DOI":"10.3917\/lf.162.0089"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_017_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac17Aa","unstructured":"Brennan, Susan & Herbert Clark. 1996. Conceptual pacts and lexical choice in conversation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 22(6). 1482\u20131493."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_018_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capone, Alessandro. 2013. The pragmatics of pronominal clitics and propositional attitudes. Intercultural Pragmatics 10(3). 459\u2013485. doi:10.1515\/ip-2013-0020.","DOI":"10.1515\/ip-2013-0020"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_019_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capone, Alessandro. 2017. Presuppositions as conversational phenomena. Lingua 198. 22\u201337.doi:10.1016\/j.lingua.2017.06.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2017.06.014"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_020_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac20Aa","unstructured":"Clark, Herbert. 1996. Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_021_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, Herbert & Susan Brennan. 1991. Grounding in communication. In Lauren Resnick, John Levine & Stephanie Teasley (eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition, 127\u2013149. Washington: American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/10096-006"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_022_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac22Aa","unstructured":"Ducrot, Oswald. 1966. \u201cLe roi de France est sage\u201d. Implication logique et Pr\u00e9supposition linguistique. Etudes de linguistique appliqu\u00e9e 4. 39\u201347."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_023_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac23Aa","unstructured":"Ducrot, Oswald. 1968. Le structuralisme en linguistique. In Oswald Ducrot & Tzvetan Todorov (eds.), Qu\u2019est-ce que le structuralisme?, 13\u201396. Paris: Seuil."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_024_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac24Aa","unstructured":"Ducrot, Oswald. 1984. Le dire et le dit. Paris: Minuit."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_025_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fintel, Kai von. 2008. What is Presupposition Accommodation, Again?. Philosophical Perspectives 22(1). 137\u2013170. doi:10.1111\/j.1520-8583.2008.00144.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1520-8583.2008.00144.x"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_026_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fintel, Kai Von. 2004. Would you believe it? The King of France is back! (Presuppositions and truth-value intuitions). In Marga Reimer & Anne Bezuidenhout (eds.), Descriptions and Beyond, 315\u2013341. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199270514.003.009"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_027_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frege, Gottlob. 1948. Sense and Reference. The Philosophical Review 57(3). 209\u2013230.","DOI":"10.2307\/2181485"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_028_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gazdar, Gerald. 1979. A solution to the projection problem. In Oh Choon-Kyu & David Dinneen (eds.), Syntax and semantics. Vol. 11: Presupposition, 57\u201389. vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004368880_003"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_029_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac29Aa","unstructured":"Geurts, Bart. 1999. Presuppositions and Pronouns. Oxford: Elsevier."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_030_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geurts, Bart. 2017. Presupposition and givenness. In Yan Huang (ed.), Oxford handbook of pragmatics, 180\u2013198. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199697960.013.21"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_031_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac31Aa","unstructured":"Ginzburg, Jonathan. 1994. An Update Semantics for Dialogue. In Harry Bunt, Reinhard Muskens & Gerrit Rentier (eds.), Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Computational Semantics, 111\u2013120. Tilburg: Institute for language technology and artificial intelligence."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_032_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac32Aa","unstructured":"Ginzburg, Jonathan. 1996. Dynamics and the semantics of dialogue. In Jerry Seligman & Dag Westerstahl (eds.), Logic, language and computation 1, 221\u2013237. Stanford, CA: CSLI publications."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_033_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giora, Rachel, Ari Drucker, Ofer Fein & Itamar Mendelson. 2015. Default Sarcastic Interpretations: On the Priority of Nonsalient Interpretations. Discourse Processes 52(3). 173\u2013200. doi:10.1080\/0163853X.2014.954951. (24 November, 2016).","DOI":"10.1080\/0163853X.2014.954951"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_034_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giora, Rachel, Shir Givoni, Vered Heruti & Ofer Fein. 2017. The Role of Defaultness in Affecting Pleasure: The Optimal Innovation Hypothesis Revisited. Metaphor and Symbol 32(1). 1\u201318. doi:10.1080\/10926488.2017.1272934.","DOI":"10.1080\/10926488.2017.1272934"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_035_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gundel, Jeanette K. & Thorstein Fretheim. 2004. Topic and Focus. In Laurence Horn & Gregory Ward (Ed.), The Handbook of Pragmatics(1974), 175\u2013196. London: Blackwell. doi:10.1002\/9780470756959.ch8.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470756959.ch8"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_036_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac36Aa","unstructured":"Hamblin, Charles Leonard. 1970. Fallacies. London: Methuen."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_037_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac37Aa","unstructured":"Hispanus, Petrus. 1990. Peter of Spain: Language in Dispute. An English translation of Peter of Spain\u2019s\u2019 Tractatus\u2019 called afterwards Summulae Logicales, based on the critical edition by LM de Rijk. Francis Dinneen (Ed.), Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_038_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac38Aa","unstructured":"Hispanus, Petrus. 1992. Syncategoreumata. Lambertus Maria Rijk & Joke Spruyt (Ed.), Brill: Leiden."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_039_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac39Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobbs, Jerry R. 1979. Coherence and coreference. Cognitive Science 3. 67\u201390. doi:10.1207\/s15516709cog0301_4.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0301_4"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_040_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac40Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horn, Laurence. 1996. Presupposition and implicature. In Shalom Lappin (ed.), The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, 299\u2013319. Oxford: Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1111\/b.9780631207498.1997.00014.x"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_041_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac41Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horn, Laurence. 2011. ONLY XL: The assertoric asymmetry of exponibles. In Ed Cormany, Satoshi Ito & David Lutz (eds.), Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT, 198\u2013222. Ithaca: CLC Publications.","DOI":"10.3765\/salt.v0i0.2542"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_042_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac42Aa","unstructured":"Huang, Yan. 2014. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_043_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac43Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kecskes, Istvan. 2013. Intercultural pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199892655.001.0001"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_044_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac44Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kecskes, Istvan. 2015. Intracultural communication and intercultural communication: Are they different?. International Review of Pragmatics 7. 171\u2013194. doi:10.1163\/18773109-00702002.","DOI":"10.1163\/18773109-00702002"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_045_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac45Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kecskes, Istvan & Fenghui Zhang. 2009. Activating, seeking, and creating common ground: A socio-cognitive approach. Pragmatics & Cognition 17(2). 331\u2013355. doi:10.1075\/pc.17.2.06kec.","DOI":"10.1075\/pc.17.2.06kec"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_046_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac46Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kecskes, Istvan & Fenghui Zhang. 2013. On the Dynamic Relations Between Common Ground and Presupposition. In Alessandro Capone, Franco Lo Piparo & Marco Carapezza (eds.), Perspectives on Linguistic Pragmatics, Perspectives in Pragmatics, 375\u2013395. Philosophy & Psychology 2. Cham: Springer.doi:10.1007\/978-3-319-01014-4_15.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01014-4_15"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_047_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac47Aa","unstructured":"Kempson, Ruth. 1975. Presupposition and the Delimitation of Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_048_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac48Aa","unstructured":"Kienpointner, Manfred. 1992. Alltagslogik: Struktur und Funktion von Argumentationsmustern. Stuttgart, Germany: Fromman-Holzboog."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_049_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac49Aa","unstructured":"Kienpointner, Manfred. 2001. Modern revivals of Aristotle\u2019s and Cicero\u2019s Topics: Toulmin, Perelman, Anscombre\/Ducrot. Journal of Latin Linguistics 7(1). 17\u201334."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_050_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac50Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levinson, Stephen. 2000. Presumptive meanings: The theory of generalized conversational implicature. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5526.001.0001"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_051_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac51Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis, David. 1979. Scorekeeping in a language game. Journal of Philosophical Logic 8(1). 339\u2013359. doi:10.1007\/BF00258436.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00258436"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_052_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac52Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Libera, Alain De. 2011. D\u00e9nomination extrins\u00e8que et \u00ab changement cambridgien \u00bb. \u00c9l\u00e9ments pour une arch\u00e9ologie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale de la subjectivit\u00e9. In Kent Emery, Russell Friedman & Andreas Speer (eds.), Philosophy and Theology in the Long Middle Ages, 451\u2013470. Leiden: Brill.","DOI":"10.1163\/ej.9789004169425.i-1006.73"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_053_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac53Aa","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio. 2012a. Reconstructing and Assessing the Conditions of Meaningfulness: An Argumentative Approach to Presupposition. In Henrique Ribeiro (ed.), Inside Arguments: Logic and the Study of Argumentation, 247\u2013268. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_054_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac54Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio. 2012b. Presumptive reasoning in interpretation. Implicatures and conflicts of presumptions. Argumentation 26(2). Springer Netherlands. 233\u2013265. doi:10.1007\/s10503-011-9232-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10503-011-9232-9"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_055_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac55Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio. 2015. Presupposition as argumentative reasoning. In Alessandro Capone & Jacob Mey (eds.), Interdisciplinary Studies in Pragmatics, Culture and Society, 465\u2013487. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007\/978-3-319-12616-6_18.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12616-6_18"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_056_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac56Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio & Sarah Bigi. 2017. Understanding misunderstandings. Presuppositions and presumptions in doctor-patient chronic care consultations. Intercultural Pragmatics 14(1). 49\u201375. doi:10.1515\/ip-2017-0003.","DOI":"10.1515\/ip-2017-0003"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_057_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac57Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio & Alessandro Capone. 2016. Uncommon ground. Intercultural Pragmatics 13(2). 151\u2013180. doi:10.1515\/ip-2016-0007.","DOI":"10.1515\/ip-2016-0007"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_058_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac58Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio & Douglas Walton. 2014. Emotive Language in Argumentation. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017\/CBO9781139565776.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139565776"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_059_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac59Aa","unstructured":"MacFarlane, John. 2015. Abelard\u2019s Argument for Formality. In Laurent Cesalli, Alain De Libera & Frederic Goubier (eds.), Formal Approaches and Natural Languages in the Middle Ages, 41\u201357. Turnhout: Brepols."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_060_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac60Aa","unstructured":"Mackenzie, Jim & Phil Staines. 1999. Hamblin\u2019s Case for Commitment: A Reply to Johnson. Philosophy & rhetoric 32(1). 14\u201339."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_061_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac61Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, Christopher. 2001. Obligations and liars. In Mikko Yrj\u00f6nsuuri (ed.), Medieval Formal Logic-Obligations, Insolubles and Consequences, 63\u201394. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-9713-5_3"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_062_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac62Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, Christopher. 2004. Logic. In Jeffrey Brower & Kevin Guilfoy (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Abelard, 158\u2013199. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CCOL0521772478.006"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_063_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac63Aa","unstructured":"Martin, Christopher. 2012. Logical consequence. In John Marenbon (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Philosophy, 289\u2013311. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_064_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac64Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCabe, Herbert. 1969. Categories. In Anthony Kenny (ed.), Aquinas. A Collection of Critical Essays, 54\u201392. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-15356-5_4"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_065_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac65Aa","unstructured":"Novaes Dutilh, Catarina. 2007. Formalizing Medieval Logical Theories: Suppositio, Consequentiae and Obligationes. Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_065a_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac66Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potts, Christopher. 2015. Presupposition and implicature. In Shalom Lappin & Chris Fox (eds.), The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, 168\u2013202. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118882139.ch6"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_066_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac67Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rescher, Nicholas. 2006. Presumption and the Practices of Tentative Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017\/CBO9780511498848. https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/9780511498848\/type\/book","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511498848"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_067_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac68Aa","unstructured":"Rhonheimer, Martin. 2000. Natural Law and Practical Reason: A Thomist View of Moral Autonomy. New York: Fordham University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_068_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac69Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell, Bertrand. 1905. On denoting. Mind 14. 479\u2013493.","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/XIV.4.479"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_069_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac70Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlenker, Philippe. 2008. Be articulate: A pragmatic theory of presupposition projection. Theoretical Linguistics 34(3). 157\u2013212.","DOI":"10.1515\/THLI.2008.013"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_070_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac71Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seuren, Pieter. 2005. Eubulides as a 20th-century semanticist. Language Sciences 27(1). 75\u201395.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.langsci.2003.12.001"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_070a_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac72Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seuren, Pieter. 2009. Language in Cognition: Language from Within Volume I: Language from Within. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199559473.001.0001"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_071a_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac73Aa","unstructured":"Seuren, Pieter. 2010. The Logic of Language. Language from Within, volume II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_071_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac74Aa","unstructured":"Sherwood, William. 1968. Treatise on Syncategorematic Words. Norman Kretzmann (Ed.), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_072_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac75Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simons, Mandy. 2003. Presupposition and accommodation: Understanding the Stalnakerian picture. Philosophical Studies 112(3). 251\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023004203043"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_073_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac76Aa","unstructured":"Simons, Mandy. 2007. Presupposition and cooperation. Carnegie Mellon University. Manuscript."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_074_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac77Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simons, Mandy. 2013. On the conversational basis of some presuppositions. In Alessandro Capone, Franco Lo Piparo & Marco Carapezza (eds.), Perspectives on Linguistic Pragmatics, Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology 2, 329\u2013348. Cham: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01014-4_13"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_075_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac78Aa","unstructured":"Soames, Scott. 1982. How Presuppositions Are Inherited: A Solution to the Projection Problem. Linguistic Inquiry 13(3). 483\u2013545."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_076_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac79Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stalnaker, Robert. 1973. Presuppositions. Journal of philosophical logic 2(4). 447\u2013457. doi:10.1007\/bf00262951.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262951"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_077_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac80Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stalnaker, Robert. 1974. Pragmatic presuppositions. In Milton Munitz & Peter Unger (eds.), Semantics and Philosophy, 197\u2013214. New York: Press. doi:10.1093\/0198237073.003.0003.","DOI":"10.1093\/0198237073.003.0003"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_078_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac81Aa","unstructured":"Stalnaker, Robert. 1984. Inquiry. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_079_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac82Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stalnaker, Robert. 2008. A Response to Abbott on Presupposition and Common Ground. Linguistics and Philosophy 31(5). 539\u2013544.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10988-008-9047-9"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_080_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac83Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strawson, Peter. 1950. On referring. Mind 59(235). 320\u2013344.","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LIX.235.320"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_081_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac84Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strawson, Peter. 1964. Identifying reference and truth\u2010values. Theoria 30(2). 96\u2013118. Wiley Online Library.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.1964.tb00404.x"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_082_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac85Aa","unstructured":"Strawson, Peter. 1971. Identifying Reference and Truth-Values. In Peter Strawson (ed.), Logico-Linguistic Papers, 75\u201395. London: Methuen."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_083_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac86Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomason, Richmond. 1990. Accommodation, meaning, and implicature: Interdisciplinary foundations for pragmatics. In Philip Cohen, Jerry Morgan & Martha Pollack (eds.), Intentions in communication, 325\u2013364. Cambridge: MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3839.003.0018"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_084_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac87Aa","unstructured":"Toulmin, Stephen. 1958. The uses of argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_085_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac88Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uckelman, Sara L. 2013. Medieval Disputationes de obligationibus as Formal Dialogue Systems. Argumentation 27(2). 143\u2013166. doi:10.1007\/s10503-012-9266-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10503-012-9266-7"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_086_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac89Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walton, Douglas. 2006. Fundamentals of critical argumentation. New York: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807039"},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_087_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac90Aa","unstructured":"Walton, Douglas & Erik Krabbe. 1995. Commitment in dialogue. Albany: State University of New York Press."},{"key":"2021021320374961843_j_ip-2018-0008_ref_088_w2aab3b7c17b1b6b1ab2ac91Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walton, Douglas, Christopher Reed & Fabrizio Macagno. 2008. Argumentation Schemes. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017\/CBO9780511802034.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802034"}],"container-title":["Intercultural Pragmatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/iprg.2018.15.issue-2\/ip-2018-0008\/ip-2018-0008.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/ip-2018-0008\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/ip-2018-0008\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T11:52:45Z","timestamp":1720266765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/ip-2018-0008\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/ip-2018-0008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ip-2018-0008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-365X","1612-295X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-365X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1612-295X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]}}}