{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:38:12Z","timestamp":1763480292292},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2018-0407_s_999_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and pubertal stages have been related to many health outcomes, including obesity and adipocytokines. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the moderator role of CRF and pubertal stage in the relationship between adiposity and adipocytokines in girls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2018-0407_s_998_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study was performed with 42 pre-pubertal girls aged from 7 to 11 years and 54 post-pubertal girls aged from 13 to 17 years. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin, and then the leptin\/adiponectin ratio (L\/A ratio) was calculated. CRF, anthropometric and body composition indicators were assessed. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and several linear regression models were used. The moderation analysis was tested using the PROCESS macro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2018-0407_s_997_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An interaction between body mass index (BMI) and CRF (\u03b2: \u20130.70; confidence interval [CI]: \u20131.29, \u20130.12), as well as between BMI and pubertal stage (\u03b2: 0.79; CI: 0.28, 1.30) with leptin, was found. Regarding the L\/A ratio, an interaction was found only in BMI\u2009\u00d7\u2009CRF (\u03b2: \u20130.56; CI: \u20131.06, \u20130.06). Using a combined interaction (CRF and pubertal stage), the results showed a positive association between BMI with leptin and L\/A ratio only in low CRF, pre-pubertal and post-pubertal stages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2018-0407_s_996_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests a protective role of high levels of CRF in the relationship between BMI and adipocytokines. Despite the effect of pubertal stage, the results suggest that youth should be engaged in physical activity in order to improve CRF levels and consequently improve cardiometabolic health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2018-0407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T09:02:06Z","timestamp":1551949326000},"page":"239-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Adiposity and adipocytokines: the moderator role of cardiorespiratory fitness and pubertal stage in girls"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Brand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-Br), Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Street: Felizardo, 750, Felizardo Street, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico , Porto Alegre , Brazil"},{"name":"Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal , Phone: +55 (51) 3308.5883"}]},{"given":"Neiva","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Quality of Life Research (NQV Group), Department of Physical Education, Post Graduation Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil"}]},{"given":"Wendell Arthur","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa , Maringa , Brazil"}]},{"given":"Arieli Fernandes","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-Br), Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil"}]},{"given":"Larissa Rosa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality of Life Research (NQV Group), Department of Physical Education, Post Graduation Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 , Curitiba , Brazil"}]},{"given":"Adroaldo Cezar","family":"Araujo Gaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-Br), Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Claudia Regina","family":"Cavaglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education College, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil"}]},{"given":"Anelise Reis","family":"Gaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-Br), Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_001_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijnhoven TM, Van Raaij JM, Spinelli A, Starc G, Hassapidou M, et al. WHO European childhood obesity surveillance initiative: body mass index and level of overweight among 6\u22129-year-old children from school year 2007\/2008 to school year 2009\/2010. BMC Public Health 2014;14:806.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-806"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_002_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogden CL, Carrol MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999\u22122010. J Am Med Assoc 2012;307:483.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.40"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_003_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ighbariya A, Weiss R. Insulin resistance, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome: what should every pediatrician know? J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017;9:49\u221257.","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.2017.S005"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_004_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romacho T, Elsen M, R\u00f6hrborn D, Eckel J. Adipose tissue and its role in organ crosstalk. Acta Physiol 2014;210:733\u201353.","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12246"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_005_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trayhurn P, Wood IS. Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue. Br J Nutr 2004;92:347\u201355.","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041213"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_006_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav A, Kataria MA, Saini V, Yadav A. Role of leptin and adiponectin in insulin resistance. Clin Chim Acta 2013;417:80\u20134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2012.12.007"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_007_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allison MB, Myers MG. Connecting leptin signaling to biological function. J Endocrinol 2014;223:25\u201335.","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0404"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_008_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghadge AA, Khaire AA, Kuvalekar AA. Adiponectin: a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018;39:151\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.01.004"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_009_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouchi N, Parker JL, Lugus JJ, Walsh K. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011;11:85\u201397.","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2921"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_010_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Jaramillo P, G\u00f3mez-Arbel\u00e1ez D, L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez J, L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez C, Mart\u00ednez-Ortega J, et al. The role of leptin\/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Invest 2014;18:37\u201345.","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2013-0053"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_011_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavie CJ, McAuley PA, Church TS, Milani RV, Blair SN. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases: implications regarding fitness, fatness, and severity in the obesity paradox. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1345\u201354.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.022"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_012_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artero EG, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Espa\u00f1a-Romero V, Vicente-Rodr\u00edguez G, et al. Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness are independently associated with metabolic risk in adolescents: the HELENA study. Pediatr Diabetes 2011;12:704\u201312.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2011.00769.x"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_013_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Sjostrom M. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes 2008;32:1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_014_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steene-Johannessen J, Kolle E, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA. Adiposity, aerobic fitness, muscle fitness, and markers of inflammation in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013;45:714\u201321.","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318279707a"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_015_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira-Santos J, Santos R, Moreira C, Abreu S, Lopes L, et al. Ability of measures of adiposity in identifying adverse levels of inflammatory and metabolic markers in adolescents. Child Obes 2016;12:135\u201343.","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2015.0124"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_016_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu HJ, Li SJ, Pan H, Li N, Zhang DX, et al. The changes of serum leptin and kisspeptin levels in chinese children and adolescents in different pubertal stages. Int J Endocrinol 2016;2016:6790794.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6790794"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_017_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6ttner A, Kratzsch J, M\u00fcller G, Kapellen TM, Bl\u00fcher S, et al. Gender differences of adiponectin levels develop during the progression of puberty and are related to serum androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4053\u201361.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0303"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_018_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Santos R, Moreira C, Abreu S, Lopes L, et al. Association between serum adiponectin levels and muscular fitness in Portuguese adolescents: LabMed Physical Activity Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016;26:517\u201324.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.02.011"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_019_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c19Aa","unstructured":"Gaya A, Lemos A, Gaya A, Teixeira D, Pinheiro E, et al. PROESP-Br Projeto Esporte Brasil Manual de testes e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o 2016;1\u201320."},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_020_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes WA, Leite N, Rosa L, Trevisan D, G\u00e1spari AF, et al. Effects of 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. J Sports Sci 2016;34:1902\u201312.","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1142107"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_021_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c21Aa","unstructured":"Leite N, Rosa L, Jesus \u00cdC De, Lopes WA, Cavaglieri CR, et al. ADRB2 Gln27Glu polymorphism influenced changes in leptin but not body composition or metabolic and other inflammatory parameters after twelve weeks of combined training in overweight adolescents. Motriz 2017;23:1\u201313."},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_022_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c22Aa","unstructured":"Mirwald RL, Baxter-Jones AD, Bailey D, Beunen GP. An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34:689\u201394."},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_023_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanner JM. Normal growth and techniques of growth assessment. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;15:411\u201351.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(86)80005-6"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_024_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c24Aa","unstructured":"Conde WL, Monteiro CA. Body mass index cutoff points for evaluation of nutritional status in Brazilian children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2006;82:26."},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_025_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agostinis-Sobrinho CA, Lacerda ME, Moreira C, Abreu S, Lopes L, et al. Association between leptin, adiponectin, and leptin\/adiponectin ratio with clustered metabolic risk factors in Portuguese adolescents: the LabMed Physical Activity Study. Ann Nutr Metab 2017;70:321\u20138.","DOI":"10.1159\/000477328"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_026_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohman T, Roche A, Martorell F. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books, 1991.","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199208000-00020"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_027_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergmann GG. Use of the 6-minute walk\/run test to predict peak oxygen uptake in adolescents para a predi\u00e7\u00e3o do consumo de oxig\u00eanio de pico em adolescentes. Rev Bras Atif Fis Sa\u00fade 2014;64\u201373.","DOI":"10.12820\/rbafs.v.19n1p64"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_028_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones AM, Doust JH. A 1% treadmill grade most accurately reflects the energetic cost of outdoor running. J Sports Sci 1996;14:321\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419608727717"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_029_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howley ET, Bassett DR Jr, Welch HG. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27:1292\u2013301.","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199509000-00009"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_030_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"dos Santos FK, Prista A, Gomes TN, Santos D, Damasceno A, et al. Body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth from Portugal and Mozambique. Int J Obes 2015;39:1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.110"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_031_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grgic J, Dumuid D, Bengoechea EG, Shrestha N, Bauman A, et al. Health outcomes associated with reallocations of time between sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity: A systematic scoping review of isotemporal substitution studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018;15:1\u201368.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-018-0691-3"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_032_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutters F, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Verhoef SP, Lemmens SG, Vogels N, et al. The relationship between leptin, gonadotropic hormones, and body composition during puberty in a Dutch children cohort. Eur J Endocrinol 2009;160:973\u20138.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0762"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_033_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c33Aa","unstructured":"Horlick M, Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Levine L, Fedun B, et al. Effect of puberty on the relationship between circulating leptin and body composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2509\u201318."},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_034_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Labayen I, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. The Fat but Fit paradox: what we know and don\u2019t know about it. Br J Sports Med 2018;52:151\u20133.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097400"},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_035_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c35Aa","unstructured":"Borja-Cacho D, Matthews J. Obesity, systemic inflammation, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes among adolescents: a need for screening tools to target interventions Mark. Nutrition 2013;29:279\u2013386."},{"key":"2021021320255858307_j_jpem-2018-0407_ref_036_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1ab2b2c36Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Garc\u00eda-Hermoso A, \u00c1lvarez-Bueno C, S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez M, Martinez-Vizcaino V. Effectiveness of school-based physical activity programmes on cardiorespiratory fitness in children: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 2017;52:1234\u201340.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097600"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jpem.2019.32.issue-3\/jpem-2018-0407\/jpem-2018-0407.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2018-0407\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2018-0407\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T03:49:43Z","timestamp":1663040983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2018-0407\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2018-0407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2018-0407","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0251","0334-018X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-0251","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0334-018X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}}}