{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T14:12:56Z","timestamp":1773583976972,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0185_s_999_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1aab1c17b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title id=\"d1057614e28594_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1aab1c17b1aAa\">Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Premature adrenarche (PA) is defined as the appearance of clinical signs of androgen action associated with levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) \u226540 \u03bcg\/dL, before age 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys, without breast or testicular enlargement. The aim of this study was to characterize a population of prepubertal Caucasian children with PA and to compare them with regard to gender and body mass index (BMI) (normal BMI vs. overweight\/obesity).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0185_s_998_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1aab1c17b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title id=\"d1057614e28602_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1aab1c17b2aAa\">Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional study of Portuguese Caucasian prepubertal children followed, due to PA, in pediatric endocrinology clinics of a university hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0185_s_997_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1aab1c17b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title id=\"d1057614e28610_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1aab1c17b3aAa\">Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eighty-two girls and 15 boys were included (mean age at evaluation: 7.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 years). The mean birth weight was 2990\u2009\u00b1\u2009689 g; only two children were small for gestational age. Girls presented premature pubarche at a younger age (median [interquartile range (IQR)] 6 (5\u20136) years vs. 7 (7\u20138) years in boys; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No gender differences were found for gestational age, birth weight, maternal age at menarche, anthropometry, bone age advancement or androgen levels. The majority of the subjects were overweight or obese (59%). Overweight\/obese PA children were taller and had a more advanced bone age than normal-BMI PA children. Overweight\/obese children presented higher levels of DHEAS and androstenedione. Bone age advancement and DHEAS were correlated (r\u2009=\u20090.449; p\u2009=\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0185_s_996_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1aab1c17b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title id=\"d1057614e28618_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1aab1c17b4aAa\">Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found no evidence of reduced fetal growth. Girls presented premature pubarche at a younger age. No major gender differences in androgen levels were found in prepuberty. Obese and overweight PA children tend to be taller, have a more advanced bone age and higher levels of androgens than normal-BMI PA children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T16:19:46Z","timestamp":1567268386000},"page":"1247-1252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical, biochemical and gender characteristics of 97 prepubertal children with premature adrenarche"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Pediatrics , Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S. Jo\u00e3o , Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200\u2013319 , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Pediatrics , Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S. Jo\u00e3o , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00edntia","family":"Castro-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Pediatrics , Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S. Jo\u00e3o , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Fontoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Pediatrics , Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S. Jo\u00e3o , Porto , Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040101012443289_j_jpem-2019-0185_ref_001_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1b5b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenfield RL. Clinical review: identifying children at risk for polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:787\u201396.10.1210\/jc.2006-201217179197","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2012"},{"key":"2023040101012443289_j_jpem-2019-0185_ref_002_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1b5b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voutilainen R, Jaaskelainen J. Premature adrenarche: etiology, clinical findings, and consequences. 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