{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T10:13:17Z","timestamp":1775124797664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A study was carried out over a two year period (2009\/2010 and 2012\/2013) on an experimental farm in the Alentejo region (Beja), in southern Portugal where rainfed malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.) is sown at the end of autumn or beginning of winter (November- December). The aim of this experiment was to study the efficiency of the herbicide iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium to control post-emergence broadleaved weeds in this cereal crop. The malt barley crop was established using no-till farming. This technology provides the necessary machine bearing capacity of the soil to assure the post-emergence application of herbicides at two different weed development stages. The herbicide iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium was applied at three doses (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g a. i. \u00b7 ha<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>) and at two different broadleaved weed development stages (3 to 4 and 6 to 7 pairs of leaves), that also corresponded to two different crop development stages (beginning of tillering and complete tillering). The results indicated that early herbicide application timing provided a significantly higher efficiency for all the applied herbicide doses, but this better weed control was not reflected in a higher crop grain yield. The lack of a higher crop grain yield was probably due to a crop phytotoxicity of the herbicide, when used at an early application timing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jppr-2016-0003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]],"date-time":"2016-04-19T13:20:24Z","timestamp":1461072024000},"page":"15-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of different doses of post-emergence-applied iodosulfuron on weed control and grain yield of malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.), under Mediterranean conditions"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Calado","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Godinho","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gottlieb","family":"Basch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(01)00307-3","article-title":"The effect of tillage intensity and time of herbicide application on weed communities and populations in maize in central Europe and Environment","volume":"92","author":"Streit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Agriculture Ecosystems"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2010.04.002","article-title":"Differential morphological and physiological responses of two oilseed Brassica species to a new herbicide ZJ used in rapeseed fields and","volume":"98","author":"Jin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pesticide Biochemistry Physiology"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x","article-title":"A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals","volume":"14","author":"Zadoks","year":"1974","journal-title":"Weed Research"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2009.09.011","article-title":"Weed management in no - till winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum","volume":"29","author":"Calado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crop Protection"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043174500082722","article-title":"de St Influence of the relative time of emergence of wild oat ( Avena fatua ) on yield loss of barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum )","volume":"33","author":"Donovan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Weed Science"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2009074-1104","article-title":"Effect of reduced doses of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron to control weeds in no - till wheat under Mediterranean conditions of","volume":"7","author":"Barros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spanish Journal Agricultural Research"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2006.12.017","article-title":"Effect of reduced doses of a post - emergence herbicide to control grass and broadleaved weeds in no - till wheat under Mediterranean conditions","volume":"26","author":"Barros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crop Protection"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"247","article-title":"Weed control in spring cereals by lower doses of herbicides of Plant Protection Research","volume":"43","author":"Domaradzki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-007-9041-8","article-title":"Optimizing herbicide dose : a straightforward approach to reduce the risk of side effects of herbicides","volume":"28","author":"Kudsk","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Environmentalist"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2004.03.018","article-title":"Weed - species dynamics and management in no - till and reduced - till fallow cropping systems for the semi - arid agricultural region of the Pacific Northwest , USA","volume":"23","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crop Protection"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3180.2000.00187.x","article-title":"Del Demography of Lolium rigidum in winter barley crops : analysis of recruitment , survival and reproduction","volume":"40","author":"F\u00e9rnandez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Weed Research"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1614\/WS-D-10-00111.1","article-title":"Rapid evolution of herbicide resistance by low herbicide dosages","volume":"59","author":"Manalil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Weed Science"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1614\/0043-1745(2002)050[0186:ROWACY]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Response of weeds and crop yield to herbicide dose decision - support guidelines","volume":"50","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2002","journal-title":"Weed Science"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2012.03.010","article-title":"Ecology and management of weeds under conservation agriculture","volume":"38","author":"Chauhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"review Crop Protection"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"281","article-title":"Herbicide resistant weeds In : Integrated Pest Management eds Springer Netherlands , Corvallis OR","author":"Heap","year":"2014","journal-title":"USA"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"364","article-title":"Cereal mixtures - an effective weed management tool Plant Protection Research","volume":"53","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1614\/0890-037X(2000)014[0106:RAROUH]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Risks and reliability of using herbicides at below - labeled doses","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Weed Technology"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3180.2001.00243.x","article-title":"de Determination of environment - specific dose response relationships for clodinafop - propargyl on Avena spp","volume":"41","author":"Medd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Weed Research"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"8","article-title":"Application of reduced doses of chlorsulfuron in semi - dwarf and full - height cultivars of winter triticale Plant Protection Research","volume":"55","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2010.07.004","article-title":"Chemical control of weeds in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) in Iran","volume":"29","author":"Zand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crop Protection"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plant Protection Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/jppr\/56\/1\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jppr.2016.56.issue-1\/jppr-2016-0003\/jppr-2016-0003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T17:24:02Z","timestamp":1567790642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/103828\/edition\/89836\/content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jppr-2016-0003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1899-007X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1899-007X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}}}