{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T05:46:25Z","timestamp":1772343985366,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"s2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/00214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A question is normally defined in linguistics considering its presumptive illocutionary function, namely eliciting an answer to acquire information. However, questions have several \u201cnonstandard\u201d functions beyond the information-seeking one. One of the most important uses of questions, almost neglected in contemporary literature, is the strategic one, consisting of altering the interlocutors\u2019 commitment stores to support a specific viewpoint or challenge the opposite standpoint. However, what does this modification of commitments amount to, and how and why is it used in a discourse? This paper aims to analyze the variety of\u00a0argumentative uses of different syntactic types of nonstandard interrogative utterances, focusing on the types\u00a0of arguments they express and how they modify the commitments of the two parties. Through the analysis of the\u00a0Portuguese corpus of parliamentary speeches of 2022 (ParlaMint 4.0), the most important argumentative functions that nonstandard questions play therein are presented and illustrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/lingvan-2025-0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T02:59:23Z","timestamp":1748401163000},"page":"107-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The argumentative functions of strategic questions in Portuguese parliamentary speeches"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Macagno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Lingu\u00edstica da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras , Universidade de Lisboa , Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214 , Lisboa , Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_001","unstructured":"Aristotle. 1991. Sophistical refutations. In Jonathan Barnes (ed.), The complete works of Aristotle, vol.\u00a01. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Athanasiadou, Angeliki. 1991. The discourse function of questions. Pragmatics 1(1). 107\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/prag.1.1.02ath.","DOI":"10.1075\/prag.1.1.02ath"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardenstein, Ruti. 2022. The case of question-based exclamatives: From pragmatic rhetorical function to semantic meaning. Intercultural Pragmatics 19(2). 209\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ip-2022-2003.","DOI":"10.1515\/ip-2022-2003"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borillo, Andr\u00e9e. 1981. Quelques aspects de la question rh\u00e9torique en fran\u00e7ais. DRLAV: Documentation et Recherche en Linguistique Allemande Vincennes 25(1). 1\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3406\/drlav.1981.969.","DOI":"10.3406\/drlav.1981.969"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicero, Marcus Tullius. 1954. Rhetorica ad Herennium. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/DLCL.marcus_tullius_cicero-rhetorica_ad_herennium.1954"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clayman, Steven. 1988. Displaying neutrality in television news interviews. Social Problems 35(4). 474\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/800598.","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.1988.35.4.03a00100"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clayman, Steven & John Heritage. 2002. Questioning presidents: Journalistic deference and adversarialness in the press conferences of U. S. Presidents Eisenhower and Reagan. Journal of Communication 52(4). 749\u2013775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02572.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02572.x"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ducrot, Oswald. 1969. Pr\u00e9suppos\u00e9s et sous-entendus. Langue Fran\u00e7aise 4. 30\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3406\/lfr.1969.5456.","DOI":"10.3406\/lfr.1969.5456"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_009","unstructured":"Ducrot, Oswald. 1982.La notion de sujet parlant. Recherches sur la philosophie et le langage (Universit\u00e9 de Grenoble) 2. 65\u201393."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eemeren, Frans van & Rob Grootendorst. 1984. Speech acts in argumentative discussions: A theoretical model for the analysis of discussions directed towards solving conflicts of opinion. Dordrecht: Floris.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110846089"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erjavec, Toma\u017e, Maty\u00e1\u0161 Kopp, Maciej Ogrodniczuk, Petya Osenova, Darja Fi\u0161er, Hannes Pirker, Tanja Wissik, Maty\u00e1\u0161 Kopp, Starka\u00f0ur Barkarson, Stein\u00fe\u00f3r Steingr\u00edmsson, \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6ltekin, Jesse de Does, Katrien Depuydt, Tommaso Agnoloni, Giulia Venturi, Mar\u00eda Calzada P\u00e9rez, Luciana D. de Macedo, Costanza Navarretta, Giancarlo Luxardo, Matthew Coole, Paul Rayson, Vaidas Morkevi\u010dius, Tomas Krilavi\u010dius, Roberts Dar\u01f5is, Orsolya Ring, Ruben van Heusden, Maarten Marx & Darja Fi\u0161er. 2024. ParlaMint II: Advancing comparable parliamentary corpora across Europe. Language Resources and Evaluation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-024-09798-w.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-024-09798-w"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahnestock, Jeanne. 2009. Quid pro nobis. Rhetorical stylistics for argument analysis. In Frans van Eemeren (ed.), Examining argumentation in context: Fifteen studies on strategic maneuvering, 191\u2013220. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.","DOI":"10.1075\/aic.1.12fah"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannakidou, Anastasia & Alda Mari. 2025. Three strategies for Socrative inquisitiveness in reflective questions. Linguistic Vanguard, 11(s2). 89\u2013105.","DOI":"10.1515\/lingvan-2025-0032"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gous, Georgina & Jacqueline M. Wheatcroft. 2020. Directive leading questions and preparation technique effects on witness accuracy. Sage Open 10(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2158244019899053.","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244019899053"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gr\u00e9sillon, Almuth. 1981. Interrogation et interlocution. DRLAV: Documentation et Recherche en Linguistique Allemande Vincennes 25(1). 61\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3406\/drlav.1981.971.","DOI":"10.3406\/drlav.1981.971"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grice, Paul. 1975. Logic and conversation. In Peter Cole & Jerry Morgan (eds.), Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts, 41\u201358. New York, NY: Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004368811_003"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_017","unstructured":"Hamblin, Charles Leonard. 1970. Fallacies. London: Methuen."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, Sandra. 1984. Questions as a mode of control in magistrates\u2019 courts. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 49. 5\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ijsl.1984.49.5.","DOI":"10.1515\/ijsl.1984.49.5"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_019","unstructured":"Harris, Sandra. 1991. Evasive action: How politicians respond to questions in political interviews. In Paddy Scannel (ed.), Broadcast talk, 76\u201399. London: Sage."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hautli-Janisz, Annette, Katarzyna Budzynska, Conor McKillop, Brian Pl\u00fcss, Valentin Gold & Chris Reed. 2022. Questions in argumentative dialogue. Journal of Pragmatics 188. 56\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pragma.2021.10.029.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pragma.2021.10.029"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heritage, John. 2002. The limits of questioning: Negative interrogatives and hostile question content. Journal of Pragmatics 34(10\u201311). 1427\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-2166(02)00072-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(02)00072-3"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_022","unstructured":"Heritage, John. 2003. Designing questions and setting agendas in the news interview. In Phillip Glenn, Jennifer Mandelbaum & Curtis LeBaron (eds.), Studies in language and social interaction: In honor of Robert Hopper, 57\u201390. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heritage, John & Geoffrey Raymond. 2012. Navigating epistemic landscapes: Acquiescence, agency and resistance in responses to polar questions. In Jan de Ruiter (ed.), Questions: Formal, functional and interactional perspectives, 179\u2013192. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139045414.013"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hickey, Leo. 1993. Presupposition under cross-examination. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 6(16). 89\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01458741.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01458741"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huddleston, Rodney & Geoffrey Pullum. 2002. The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316423530"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huitink, Luuk. 2021. Early orators. In Mathieu de Bakker & Irene de Jong (eds.), Speech in Ancient Greek literature, 475\u2013498. Leiden: Brill.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004498815_023"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_027","unstructured":"Hultgren, Anna Kristina & Deborah Cameron. 2010. \u201cHow may I help you?\u201d: Questions, control and customer care in call centre telephone talk. In Alice Freed & Susan Ehrlich (eds.), Why do you ask?\u201d: The function of questions in institutional settings, 322\u2013342. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilie, Cornelia. 2021. Evasive answers vs. aggressive questions. Parliamentary confrontational practices in Prime Minister\u2019s Questions. In Cornelia Ilie (ed.), Questioning and answering practices across contexts and cultures, 35\u201369. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.","DOI":"10.1075\/pbns.323.02ili"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilie, Cornelia. 2022. How to argue with questions and answers: Argumentation strategies in parliamentary deliberation. Languages 7(3). 205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/languages7030205.","DOI":"10.3390\/languages7030205"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jucker, Andreas. 1986. News interviews: A pragmalinguistic analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.","DOI":"10.1075\/pb.vii.4"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_031","unstructured":"Kikteva, Zlata, Kamila Gorska, Wassiliki Siskou, Annette Hautli & Chris Reed. 2022. The keystone role played by questions in debate. In Chloe Braud, Christian Hardmeier, Junyi Jessy Li, Sharid Loaiciga, Michael Strube & Amir Zeldes (eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on computational approaches to discourse, 54\u201363. Gyeongju, Republic of Korea: International Conference on Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levinson, Stephen. 2012. Interrogative intimations: On a possible social economics of interrogatives. In Jan de Ruiter (ed.), Questions: Formal, functional and interactional perspectives, 11\u201332. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139045414.003"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_033","unstructured":"Lucchini, Costanza, Andrea Rocci & Giulia D\u2019Agostino. 2022. Annotating argumentation within questions: Prefaced questions as a genre specific argumentative pattern in earnings conference calls. In Floriana Grasso, Nancy Green, Jodi Schneider & Simon Wells (eds.), CMNA\u201922: Workshop on computational models of natural argument, 61\u201366. Cardiff: CEUR Workshop Proceedings."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio. 2018. A dialectical approach to presupposition. Intercultural Pragmatics 15(2). 291\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ip-2018-0008.","DOI":"10.1515\/ip-2018-0008"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio. 2022. Argumentation profiles and the manipulation of common ground. The arguments of populist leaders on Twitter. Journal of Pragmatics 191. 67\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pragma.2022.01.022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pragma.2022.01.022"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio & Sarah Bigi. 2017. Analyzing the pragmatic structure of dialogues. Discourse Studies 19(2). 148\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461445617691702.","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445617691702"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio & Sarah Bigi. 2020. Analyzing dialogue moves in chronic care communication\u00a0\u2013\u00a0dialogical intentions and customization of recommendations for the assessment of medical deliberation. Journal of Argumentation in Context 9(2). 167\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/jaic.18044.mac.","DOI":"10.1075\/jaic.18044.mac"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, Fabrizio & Douglas Walton. 2010. Dichotomies and oppositions in legal argumentation. Ratio Juris 23(2). 229\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9337.2010.00452.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9337.2010.00452.x"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendes, Am\u00e1lia, Pierre Lejeune & Carolina Nunes. 2020. Perguntas-respostas em textos escritos: Uma an\u00e1lise no \u00e2mbito das rela\u00e7\u00f5es discursivas. Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Lingu\u00edstica (7). 226\u2013241.","DOI":"10.26334\/2183-9077\/rapln7ano2020a14"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moldovan, Andrei. 2022. Questions, presuppositions and fallacies. Argumentation 36(2). 287\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10503-022-09566-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10503-022-09566-6"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_041","unstructured":"Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius. 1996. In Harold Edgeworth Butler (ed.), Institutio Oratoria. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_042","unstructured":"Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech & Jan Svartvik. 1985. A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rigotti, Eddo & Sara Greco-Morasso. 2019. Inference in argumentation: A topics-based approach to argument schemes. Amsterdam: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04568-5"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rocci, Andrea. 2007. Epistemic modality and questions in dialogue. The case of Italian interrogative constructions in the subjunctive mood. In Louis de Saussure, Jacques Moeschler & Genoveva Puskas (eds.), Tense, mood and aspect, 129\u2013153. Leiden: Brill.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789401204446_010"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadock, Jerry. 2012. Formal features of questions. In Jan de Ruiter (ed.), Questions: Formal, functional and interactional perspectives, 103\u2013122. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139045414.008"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Searle, John. 1969. Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173438"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snoeck Henkemans, A. Francisca. 2009. Manoeuvring strategically with rhetorical questions. In Frans van Eemeren & Bart Garssen (eds.), Pondering on problems of argumentation: Twenty essays on theoretical issues, 15\u201323. Dordrecht: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9165-0_2"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_048","unstructured":"Stenstr\u00f6m, Anna-Brita. 1984. Questions and responses in English conversation. Lund: Gleerlup."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sternau, Marit, Mira Ariel, Rachel Giora & Ofer Fein. 2017. Deniability and explicatures. In Rachel Giora & Michael Haugh (eds.), Doing pragmatics interculturally, 97\u2013120. Berlin: De Gruyter.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110546095-006"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_050","unstructured":"Tsui, Amy. 2013. A functional description of questions. In Malcolm Coulthard (ed.), Advances in spoken discourse analysis, 89\u2013110. London: Routledge."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_051","unstructured":"Walton, Douglas. 1981. The fallacy of many questions. Logique et Analyse 95\u201396. 291\u2013314."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_052","unstructured":"Walton, Douglas. 2002. Legal argumentation and evidence. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_053","unstructured":"Walton, Douglas & Erik Krabbe. 1995. Commitment in dialogue. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press."},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walton, Douglas, Christopher Reed & Fabrizio Macagno. 2008. Argumentation schemes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802034"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan, Helen. 2023. \u201cHypophora\u201d and \u201cquestion cascade\u201d in Cantonese political discourse: The stance triangle and the use of rhetorical moves and utterance final particles. Text & Talk 43(5). 647\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/text-2020-0219.","DOI":"10.1515\/text-2020-0219"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodbury, Hanni. 1984. The strategic use of questions in court. Semiotica 48(3\u20134). 197\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/semi.1984.48.3\u20134.197.","DOI":"10.1515\/semi.1984.48.3-4.197"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods, John & Douglas Walton. 1989. Fallacies: Selected papers 1972\u20131982. Dordrecht: Foris.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110816082"},{"key":"2025122513562069215_j_lingvan-2025-0025_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeyrek, Deniz & Am\u00e1lia Mendes. 2025. Questions in the TED-Multilingual Discourse Bank and the development of an annotation scheme. Linguistic Vanguard, 11(s2). 215\u2013228.","DOI":"10.1515\/lingvan-2025-0035"}],"container-title":["Linguistics Vanguard"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/lingvan-2025-0025\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/lingvan-2025-0025\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T13:56:40Z","timestamp":1766671000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/lingvan-2025-0025\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/lingvan-2025-0025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/lingvan-2025-0025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-174X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-174X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]}}}