{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:52:38Z","timestamp":1774673558216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"WCS"},{"name":"Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund"},{"name":"Woodland Park Zoological Society"},{"name":"Liz Claibourne and Art Ortenberg Foundation"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/52574\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/52574\/2014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007689","name":"University of Aveiro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Activity pattern studies can help explain the coexistence of competing species. Between 2001 and 2017 we evaluated the activity pattern overlap of jaguar (<jats:italic>Panthera onca<\/jats:italic>), puma (<jats:italic>Puma concolor<\/jats:italic>), and their main prey, using camera traps at 17 Amazonian sites in the Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape. We used the Kernel density estimation to generate species activity patterns and the overlap between both cats. We then calculated the overlap coefficient (\u0394) by carrying out 10,000 bootstraps (95%). Both cats were active 24\u00a0h a day. The puma has higher nocturnal activity (57%), whilst jaguar activity is split almost equally between night (53%) and day (47%). We did not find temporal segregation between jaguars and pumas, which showed similar activity patterns with a high overlapping coefficient (\u0394<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.84; 0.78\u20130.91). Also, we did not\u00a0find significant differences between Male and Female activity patterns for both species (X<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.50, gl\u00a0=\u00a01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.47). Moreover, both cats had significant overlap with the activity patterns of their main prey. Temporal segregation was not detected in any of our study sites within the Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape, suggesting that in this region, these predators employ other mechanisms to avoid competition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/mammalia-2020-0058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T14:40:42Z","timestamp":1608648042000},"page":"208-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Activity patterns of jaguar and puma and their main prey in the Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape (Bolivia, Peru)"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7968-7460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido Marcos","family":"Ayala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Society, Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape , Casilla , 3-35131 SM , La Paz , Bolivia"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) , University of Aveiro , 3810-13 , Aveiro , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4992-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Estela","family":"Viscarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Society, Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape , Casilla , 3-35131 SM , La Paz , Bolivia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9215-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia & CESAM , Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-13 , Aveiro , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1315-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Negr\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia & CESAM , Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-13 , Aveiro , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6559-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia & CESAM , Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-13 , Aveiro , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7411-6338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert Benedict","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Society, Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape , Casilla , 3-35131 SM , La Paz , Bolivia"},{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Society , 185th, Street and Southern Boulevard , Bronx , New York , 10460 , USA"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040101040717936_j_mammalia-2020-0058_ref_001_w2aab3b7c25b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","unstructured":"Araujo-Murakami, A., Bascop\u00e9, F., Cardona-Pe\u00f1a, V., De la Quintana, D., Fuentes, A., Jorgensen, P., Maldonado, C., Miranda, T., Paniagua, N., and Seidel, R. 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Estimando la Densidad de Jaguar (Panthera onca) y la Abundancia Relativa de Mam\u00edferos Medianos y Grandes en el Parque Nacional ANMI Madidi y la Reserva Pil\u00f3n Lajas, Bolivia,Technical Report 2009 Wildlife Conservation Society."},{"key":"2023040101040717936_j_mammalia-2020-0058_ref_004_w2aab3b7c25b1b6b1ab2b2b4Aa","unstructured":"Ayala, G. and Viscarra, M.E. (2012). Investigaciones de Biodiversidad en la Zona Alta del R\u00edo Madidi 2011, Norte de La Paz, Bolivia,Technical Report 2012 Wildlife Conservation Society."},{"key":"2023040101040717936_j_mammalia-2020-0058_ref_005_w2aab3b7c25b1b6b1ab2b2b5Aa","unstructured":"Ayala, G. and Viscarra, M.E. (2015). Densidad de Jaguar (Panthera onca) y la Abundancia Relativa de Mam\u00edferos Medianos y Grandes en los R\u00edos Tuichi y Hondo del Parque Nacional ANMI Madidi, La Paz, Bolivia, 2014,Technical Report 2015 Wildlife Conservation Society."},{"key":"2023040101040717936_j_mammalia-2020-0058_ref_006_w2aab3b7c25b1b6b1ab2b2b6Aa","unstructured":"Ayala, G., and Wallace, R.B. (2008). El jaguar en el Parque Nacional Madidi. Wildlife Conservation Society, La Paz, Bolivia."},{"key":"2023040101040717936_j_mammalia-2020-0058_ref_007_w2aab3b7c25b1b6b1ab2b2b7Aa","unstructured":"Ayala, G., Viscarra, M.E., and Acosta, L. (2013). 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