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A promising management practice to mitigate soil degradation is to grow winter cover crops used as green manure. This study examined the effectiveness of six legume cover crops (LCCs) species in providing agro-ecological services for grain corn systems in the Mediterranean region, specifically in terms of nutrient leaching, nutrient recycling, weed control, and soil fertility. The study was performed in Central Portugal during 2 years, and it assessed legumes\/weeds dry biomass yield, their nutrients content, and soil organic matter evolution. Results show that, in general, LCC are well adapted to Mediterranean conditions, yielding large amounts of biomass (up to 8\u2009ton\/ha for some clover species). In terms of nutrient leaching mitigation, the overall N\u2013P\u2013K nutrient uptake was 176\u201320\u2013172\u2009kg\/ha. Green manure services enabled a reduction of 35% of N, 50% of P, and 100% of mineral fertilizers for a grain corn production of 12\u2009ton\/ha. Weed control by LCC was effective only in the second year of the study and for three clover species (crimson, balansa, and arrowleaf) due to their early establishment and\/or high biomass production competing with weeds. Soil fertility was not improved in the short term, LCC incorporation into the soil to a slight depletion of the soil organic matter content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/opag-2021-0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T20:25:47Z","timestamp":1635020747000},"page":"609-626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Agro-ecological services delivered by legume cover crops grown in succession with grain corn crops in the Mediterranean region"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Anne Karine","family":"Boulet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CERNAS, Coimbra Agriculture School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra , Bencanta , 3045-601 Coimbra , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Alarc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Directorate of Agriculture and Fisheries of the Central Region (DRAPC) \u2013 Baixo Mondego Experimental Center , Quinta de Na Sra do Loreto , 3020-201 Coimbra , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERNAS, Coimbra Agriculture School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra , Bencanta , 3045-601 Coimbra , Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Navarino Environmental Observatory , 24001 Messinia , Greece"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Kalantari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Navarino Environmental Observatory , 24001 Messinia , Greece"},{"name":"School of Architecture and the Built Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm , Sweden"}]},{"given":"Adelcia","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERNAS, Coimbra Agriculture School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra , Bencanta , 3045-601 Coimbra , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERNAS, Coimbra Agriculture School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra , Bencanta , 3045-601 Coimbra , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERNAS, Coimbra Agriculture School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra , Bencanta , 3045-601 Coimbra , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rudi","family":"Hessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Environmental Research, Subdivision Soil, Water and Land Use , PO Box 47 , 6700AA Wageningen , The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010410234195748_j_opag-2021-0041_ref_001","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) grain: World markets and trade, 2020, marketing year: October 1, 2019\u2013September 30, 2020."},{"key":"2022010410234195748_j_opag-2021-0041_ref_002","unstructured":"Estrat\u00e9gia Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de Cereais (ENPPC). 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