{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:29:38Z","timestamp":1773246578707,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00214\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00214\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This paper discusses the contemporary use of the Portuguese simple and two compound pluperfect forms (with the auxiliary verbs\n                    <jats:italic>ter<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>haver<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of the indicative mood in written texts. Four topics are addressed. First, the claim that the simple pluperfect is currently a defective paradigm lacking the third person plural; this claim is confirmed and substantiated by looking at specific distinguishing contexts in corpora. Secondly, the competition between the three pluperfect forms, in written contemporary European and Brazilian Portuguese; it is shown that \u2013 contrary to some frequent comments in the literature \u2013 all three forms still have widespread usage, and occur in a relatively balanced way, in the type of registers considered (newspaper writing, modern literary texts, modern literary translations), in both varieties of the language. Thirdly, as regards semantic polyvalence, the possible existence of a deictic rather than anaphoric (temporal) pluperfect; it is argued that this type of pluperfect does indeed exist, and deserves separate grammatical recognition. Fourthly, the well-known cases of ambiguity in structures with pluperfect and temporal locating adjuncts, where the latter can act either as markers of the past perspective point required by the pluperfect, or as markers of the location time of the described eventualities; facts in English and Portuguese are compared, with some differences highlighted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/probus-2024-2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T13:10:34Z","timestamp":1711113034000},"page":"143-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Portuguese pluperfect: diversity of forms, polysemy and interaction with adjuncts"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Telmo","family":"M\u00f3ia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Letras, Centro de Lingu\u00edstica , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031020574154899_j_probus-2024-2008_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balla-Johnson, William. 2022. The Portuguese pluperfect: Development and the effect of auxiliary ter generalization. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 21. 1\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16995\/jpl.8055.","DOI":"10.16995\/jpl.8055"},{"key":"2026031020574154899_j_probus-2024-2008_ref_002","unstructured":"Barbosa, Jeronymo Soares. 1881. Grammatica philosophica da lingua portugueza ou principios da grammatica geral applicados a nossa linguagem. [Philosophical grammar of the Portuguese language or principles of the general grammar applied to our language.], 7th edn. (1st edn., 1822). Lisboa: Academia Real das Sciencias."},{"key":"2026031020574154899_j_probus-2024-2008_ref_003","unstructured":"Bechara, Evanildo. 1999. Moderna Gram\u00e1tica Portuguesa [Modern Portuguese grammar], 37th edn. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Lucerna. (12th impression, 2002)."},{"key":"2026031020574154899_j_probus-2024-2008_ref_004","unstructured":"Brocardo, Maria Teresa. 2010. Portuguese pluperfect: Elements for a diachronic approach. 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