{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:52:52Z","timestamp":1747198372530,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00214\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00214\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["303195\/2019-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303195\/2019-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Holmberg (Holmberg, Anders. 2005. Is there a little pro? Evidence from Finnish. <jats:italic>Linguistic Inquiry<\/jats:italic> 36(4). 533\u2013564) and its revised version in Holmberg et\u00a0al. (Holmberg, Anders, Aarti Nayudu &amp; Michelle Sheehan. 2009. Three partial null-subject languages: A comparison of Brazilian Portuguese, Finnish, and Marathi. <jats:italic>Studia Linguistica<\/jats:italic> 63(1). 59\u201397) derive the availability of null subjects in a given language from the interaction between T with\/without a D(efiniteness)-feature and the features of subject pronouns. Their theory predicts the existence of consistent null subject languages, whose T has the D-feature, and partial null subject languages, whose T lacks the D-feature. This paper examines this D-feature approach to null subjects against the empirical evidence provided by Brazilian Portuguese, a partial null subject language, and European Portuguese, a consistent null subject language, showing that it cannot account for the range of microvariation observed with respect to different null subject pronouns and the type of T (finite <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> participle <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> gerund). We argue that, in comparison, the ellipsis account of null subject licensing put forward in Martins and Nunes (Martins, Ana Maria &amp; Jairo Nunes. 2021. Brazilian and European Portuguese and Holmberg\u2019s 2005 typology of null subject languages. In Sergio Baauw, Frank Drijkoningen &amp; Luisa Meroni (eds.), <jats:italic>Romance languages and linguistic theory 2018. Selected papers from \u201cGoing Romance\u201d 32, Utrecht<\/jats:italic>, 171\u2013190. Amsterdam &amp; Philadelphia: John Benjamins) fares better. It retains from Holmberg (Holmberg, Anders. 2005. Is there a little pro? Evidence from Finnish. <jats:italic>Linguistic Inquiry<\/jats:italic> 36(4). 533\u2013564 et seq.) the insight that the licensing of null subjects depends on the interaction between the features of T and the features of subject pronouns but resorts only to \u03d5-features and Case. Crucially, it relies on the (theoretically and empirically) plausible assumption that the relation between abstract \u03d5-features and verbal agreement morphology need not be transparent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/probus-2024-2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T18:50:30Z","timestamp":1725907830000},"page":"185-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["D-features or ellipsis in null subject licensing? Evidence from Brazilian and European Portuguese"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0589-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Letras, Centro de Lingu\u00edstica , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-2474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jairo","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100916415747483_j_probus-2024-2010_ref_001","unstructured":"Alexiadou, Artemis & Janayna Carvalho. 2018. The role of locatives in (partial) prodrop languages. In Michelle Sheehan & Laura R. Bailey (eds.), Order and structure in syntax II: Subjecthood and argument structure, 41\u201367. Berlin: Language Science Press."},{"key":"2024100916415747483_j_probus-2024-2010_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boeckx, Cedric, Norbert Hornstein & Jairo Nunes. 2010. Control as movement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511761997"},{"key":"2024100916415747483_j_probus-2024-2010_ref_003","unstructured":"Bonet, Eul\u00e0lia. 1991. Morphology after syntax: Pronominal clitics in Romance. Cambridge, Mass: MIT PhD dissertation."},{"key":"2024100916415747483_j_probus-2024-2010_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, Janayna. 2019. Teasing apart 3rd person null subjects in Brazilian Portuguese. In Ingo Feldhausen, Martin Elsig, Imme Kuchenbrandt & Mareike Neuhaus (eds.), Romance languages and linguistic theory 2016. Selected papers from \u2018Going Romance\u2019 30 Frankfurt, 237\u2013254. 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