{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:23:59Z","timestamp":1770884639813,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sbmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lasers Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: To date, no novel treatment approach is available for optimum outcomes regarding refractory periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating patients diagnosed with refractory periodontitis and compare the clinical and biological outcomes of conventional periodontal treatment with or without adjunctive PDT in these patients, by assessing clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival recession [GR], bleeding on probing [BOP], periodontal probing depth [PPD] and clinical attachment level [CAL]) as well as biological parameters (IL-1\u03b2) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).  Methods: Sixteen patients within the age of 30 to 60 years, with a mean age of 40 years old, diagnosed with refractory periodontitis were included. In this split mouth design study, 2 quads (1 upper + 1 lower) from the same patient were randomly treated with (scaling and root planing [SRP]+PDT) together. The other 2 quadrants (1 upper + 1 lower) were treated by SRP only and selected to serve as controls. Clinical parameters including PI, GR, BOP, PPD and CAL and biological parameters (IL-1\u03b2) in the GCF were measured at baseline, then at, 2 and 6 months after therapy.  Results: A statistically significant reduction in several clinical parameters as, BOP (P &lt; 0.001), PI (P &lt; 0.001), PPD (P &lt; 0.001) and CAL (P &lt; 0.001) in quadrant treated with SRP and adjunctive PDT when compared to control group treated with SRP alone was observed and both therapies showed non-statistically significant differences in the reduction of IL-1\u03b2 level.  Conclusion: The inclusion of PDT as an adjunctive measure to nonsurgical conventional periodontal treatment seems to be a useful therapeutic measure in refractory periodontitis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2019.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T10:34:31Z","timestamp":1558694071000},"page":"139-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical and Biological Effects of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy in Refractory Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rola Al","family":"Habashneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A","family":"Mashal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Education and Biostatistics, Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Ramtha, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Qudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00822.x","article-title":"Advances in the progression of periodontitis and proposal of definitions of a periodontitis case and disease progression for use in risk factor research Group C consensus report of the 5th European Workshop in Periodontology","volume":"32","author":"Tonetti MS","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512457373"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eke PI, Dye AB, Wei L, Slade G, et al. Update on prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol. 2015;86:611-622 doi:10.1902\/jop.2015.140520.","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140520"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.10.1041"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1988.59.8.493"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1989.60.1.67"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1981.52.3.119","article-title":"The effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing in calculus removal","volume":"52","author":"Rabbani G","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.5-S.859","article-title":"Parameters on \u201cRefractory\u201d Periodontitis","volume":"71","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050108"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050108"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1993.64.8s.772"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.115","article-title":"Systemic anti-infective periodontal therapy A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Haffajee AD","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1995.tb01788.x","article-title":"The subgingival microflora and gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in refractory periodontitis","volume":"22","author":"Lee HJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00302.x"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12094"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676\u2013680","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2000)072<0676:TEOPAO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The effect of photodynamic action on two virulence factors of gram \u2013 negative bacteria","volume":"72","author":"Komerik N","year":"2000","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.12.37"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20008"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039823","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy can induce a protective innate immune response against murine bacterial arthritis via neutrophil accumulation","volume":"7","author":"Tanaka M","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2006.990"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kornman KS. Refractory periodontitis: critical questions in clinical management. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23(3):293-298. PMID: 8707993.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1996.tb02092.x"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169\u2013180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02424.x","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological features of refractory periodontitis subjects","volume":"25","author":"Colombo AP","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600803"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395\u2013411","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.56.3.395-411.1992","article-title":"Agents that increase the permeability of the outer membrane","volume":"56","author":"Vaara M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12723"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.10.1343"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1996)18:3<253::AID-LSM6>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.130559"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370\u2013376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09694.x","article-title":"A study of the update of Toluidine Blue O by porphyromonas gingivalis and the mechanism of lethal photosensitization","volume":"68","author":"Bhatti M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"R30","first-page":"34","article-title":"Treatment of periodontal disease by photodisinfection compared to scaling and root planing","volume":"18","author":"Andersen R","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Dent"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01303.x"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070652"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1549541041438623"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2984"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090285"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2015.04"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02024.x","article-title":"Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy","volume":"8","author":"Badersten A","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110281"}],"container-title":["Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sbmu.ac.ir\/jlms\/article\/download\/19889\/10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sbmu.ac.ir\/jlms\/article\/download\/19889\/10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T06:42:52Z","timestamp":1584081772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sbmu.ac.ir\/jlms\/article\/view\/19889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/jlms.2019.22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-9783","2228-6721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-9783","type":"print"},{"value":"2228-6721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"}]}}