{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:55:24Z","timestamp":1777668924673,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]],"date-time":"2001-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently much effort has been dedicated to designing and implementing World Wide Web sites for virtual shopping and e-commerce. Despite this effort, relatively little empirical work has been done to determine the effectiveness with which different site designs sell products. We report three experiments in which participants were asked to search for products in various experimental e-commerce sites. Across the experiments participants were asked to search in either QTVR (QuickTime Virtual Reality), hypertext, or pictorially rich hypertext environments; they were then tested for their ability to recall the products seen and to recognize product locations. The experiments demonstrated that when using QTVR (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or pictorial environments (Experiment 2), participants retained more information about products that were incidental to their goals. In two of the experiments it was shown that participants navigated more efficiently when using a QTVR environment. The costs and benefits of using 3D virtual environments for on-line shops are discussed. Actual or potential applications of this research include support for the development of e-commerce design guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872001775900869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,20]],"date-time":"2006-02-20T16:22:22Z","timestamp":1140452542000},"page":"239-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Incidental Memory and Navigation in Panoramic Virtual Reality for Electronic Commerce"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Howes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gareth E.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christabel D.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Readings in information visualization: Using vision to think","author":"Card, S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1998.0681"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(84)80003-1"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888998002082"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"114","volume-title":"People and computers, V","author":"Hammond, N.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449299508914637"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Kim, J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Management Science"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1999.0324"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.3.2.143"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640747308400340"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"41","volume-title":"The Internet in 3D: Information, images and interaction","author":"Thimbleby, H.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1996.0035"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Engineering psychology and human performance","author":"Wickens, C. D.","year":"1992","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872001775900869","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872001775900869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:51:34Z","timestamp":1777449094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1518\/001872001775900869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1518\/001872001775900869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872001775900869","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}}}