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Acoustic analysis showed that the urgent words were spoken at higher frequency with a broader pitch range and were louder than the nonurgent or monotone words. These acoustic differences were used to synthesize artificial versions of signal words in urgent and nonurgent formats. The urgent words were rated as more urgent than the nonurgent words, a finding attributable to their differing acoustics. Within each speaking style the words were acoustically the same, yet effects for signal word were found, suggesting that semantics is also important in urgency perception. This research has implications for the design and implementation of speech warning systems, particularly those in which urgency mapping is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/0018720024494810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,20]],"date-time":"2005-07-20T08:03:03Z","timestamp":1121846583000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["The Perceived Urgency of Speech Warnings: Semantics versus Acoustics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hellier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Edworthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Weedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"atypb1","first-page":"619","volume":"6","author":"Bacharowski, J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.3.614"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Contemporary Ergonomics 1998","author":"Barzegar, R. 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