{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:05:08Z","timestamp":1777669508806,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To identify the types and extent of workaround strategies with the use of Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA) in acute care and long-term care settings. Background: Medication errors are the most commonly documented cause of adverse events in hospital settings. Scanning of bar codes to verify patient and medication information may reduce medication errors. Method: A prospective ethnographic study was conducted using targeted observation. Fifteen acute care and 13 long-term care nurses were directly observed during medication administration at small, medium, and large Veterans Administration hospitals to detect workaround strategies. Results: Noncompliance with recommended practices was observed in all settings and facilities. A larger proportion of acute care nurses than long-term care nurses scanned bar-coded wristbands to identify patients (53% vs. 8%, p = .016). A larger proportion of acute care nurses than long-term care nurses administered barcoded medications immediately after scanning (93% vs. 23%, p &lt; .001). Conclusion: Workaround strategies were employed with BCMA that increased efficiency but created new potential paths to adverse events. There was a significant difference in the rate of use of workaround strategies between acute and long-term care. Application: The extent of workaround strategies varied by care setting and facility. BCMA should be tailored to the long-term care setting, including increasing the efficiency of use. Hospitals implementing bar coding should facilitate the intended use through equipment procurement, implementation, and quality improvement strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006776412234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]],"date-time":"2006-04-03T17:14:38Z","timestamp":1144084478000},"page":"15-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Compliance With Intended Use of Bar Code Medication Administration in Acute and Long-Term Care: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Getting at Patient Safety (GAPS) Center, Cincinnati, Ohio and Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Getting at Patient Safety (GAPS) Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta L.","family":"Render","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Getting at Patient Safety (GAPS) Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08268-2"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2001.0080299"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199102073240604"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Human error in medicine","author":"Cook, R. 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