{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:06:06Z","timestamp":1777669566433,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between strategy use and search success on the World Wide Web (i.e., the Web) for experienced Web users. An additional goal was to extend understanding of how the age of the searcher may influence strategy use. Background: Current investigations of information search and retrieval on the Web have provided an incomplete picture of Web strategy use because participants have not been given the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge of Web strategies while also searching for information on the Web. Methods: Using both behavioral and knowledge-engineering methods, we investigated searching behavior and system knowledge for 16 younger adults (M = 20.88 years of age) and 16 older adults (M = 67.88 years). Results: Older adults were less successful than younger adults in finding correct answers to the search tasks. Knowledge engineering revealed that the age-related effect resulted from ineffective search strategies and amount of Web experience rather than age per se. Our analysis led to the development of a decision-action diagram representing search behavior for both age groups. Conclusion: Older adults had more difficulty than younger adults when searching for information on the Web. However, this difficulty was related to the selection of inefficient search strategies, which may have been attributable to a lack of knowledge about available Web search strategies. Application: Actual or potential applications of this research include training Web users to search more effectively and suggestions to improve the design of search engines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006778606804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,8]],"date-time":"2006-10-08T18:49:33Z","timestamp":1160333373000},"page":"434-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Web-Based Information Search and Retrieval: Effects of Strategy Use and Age on Search Success"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Aideen J.","family":"Stronge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur D.","family":"Fisk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7552(95)00043-7"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choo, C. W., Detlor, B. & Turnbull, D. (2000).\n                      Information seeking on the Web: An integrated model of browsing and searching.\n                      Available from First Monday Web site, http:\/\/www.firstmonday.org.","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v5i2.729"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.564"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511759390.020"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials.","author":"Denzin, N. K.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158901500406"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420023862"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Fuller, R. & De Graaff, J. J. (1996).\n                      Measuring user motivation from server log files.\n                      Retrieved June 7, 2006, from http:\/\/microsoft.com\/usability\/webconf\/fuller\/fuller.htm."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/38.1.72"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1101_3"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5360.95"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"An aging world","author":"Kinsella, K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/036012799267945"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<576::AID-ASI9>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, C., Groff, L.S., Chaparro, A., Chaparro, B. S. & Stumpfhauser, L. (2000). A comparison of Web site usage between young adults and the elderly. In Proceedings of the XIVth Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (pp. 4.72\u20134.75). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004402432"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511626388"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872098779591313"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Behavioral analysis and measurement methods.","author":"Meister, D.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872000779656444"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Navarro-Prieto, R., Scaife, M. & Rogers, Y. (1999). Cognitive strategies in Web searching. In\n                      Virtual proceedings of the 5th Conference on Human Factors and the Web.\n                      Retrieved June 7, 2006, from http:\/\/zing.ncsl.nist.gov\/hfweb\/proceedings\/navarroprieto\/index.html."},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Nielsen, J. (1998).\n                      Why Yahoo is good (but may get worse).\n                      Retrieved June 7, 2006, from http:\/\/www.useit.com\/alertbox\/981101.html."},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"Nielsen, J. (2002). Usability for senior citizens. Retrieved June 7, 2006, from http:\/\/www.useit.com\/alertbox\/20020428.html."},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"The psychology of everyday things.","author":"Norman, D. A.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Pew Internet & American Life Project. (2004a).\n                      Older Americans and the Internet.\n                      Retrieved June 7, 2006, from http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/PPF\/r\/117\/report_display.asp."},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"Pew Internet & American Life Project. (2004b).\n                      Online activities and pursuits.\n                      Retrieved June 7, 2006, from http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/PPF\/r\/132\/report_display.asp."},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.4.643"},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"Pitkow, J. E. & Kehoe, C. M. (1998).\n                      GVU's 10th WWW user survey.\n                      Retrieved June 7, 2006, from http:\/\/www.gvu.gatech.edu\/user_surveys\/survey-1998-10\/."},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872098779480613"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Shipley Institute of Living Scale","author":"Shipley, W. C.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"Age-related differences in strategies: Investigating problem solving in a complex real-world task","author":"Stronge, A. J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"Presented at the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46th Annual Meeting","author":"Stronge, A. J."},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1997.0125"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thatcher, A. (2000). \u201cExperience\u201d and WWW searching, or the search for the WWW \u201cexpert.\u201d In Proceedings of the XIVth Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (pp. 1.372\u20131.375). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004400403"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thatcher, A. (2001). Information seeking on the WWW: Task interest and search strategies. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45th Annual Meeting (pp. 1171\u20131175). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120104501504"},{"key":"atypb35","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1997","edition":"3"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872006778606804","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872006778606804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:53:06Z","timestamp":1777449186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1518\/001872006778606804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1518\/001872006778606804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872006778606804","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}