{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:17:49Z","timestamp":1741753069945,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: To evaluate the effects of wrist splint orthoses (WSOs) on forearm muscle activity and upper extremity\/torso postures. Background: WSOs are ubiquitous in industry, but the literature as to their biomechanical effects is limited. Method: Study 1: Participants performed single-plane wrist exertions with or without a WSO while the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and extensor carpi ulnaris was captured. Study 2: Participants performed simple computer jumper installation tasks with or without a WSO while upper extremity\/torso postures were recorded. Results: Study 1: A significant interaction between WSOs and wrist angle was observed in the response of forearm muscles (e.g., normalized EMG of the flexor carpi radial is increased from 4.2% to 15.9% as flexion increased from 0\u00b0 to 36\u00b0 in the orthosis conditions, whereas in the no-orthosis condition it remained 5% at all wrist flexion angles). Study 2: WSOs were found to effect wrist, torso, and shoulder postures, with the orthoses creating a 48% decrease (36\u00b0 vs. 18.6\u00b0) in wrist flexion and 80% decrease (15\u00b0 vs. -3\u00b0) in ulnar deviation but at a cost of increased shoulder abduction of 22% (36.5\u00b0 vs. 44.5\u00b0) and increased lateral bend of torso of 30% (6\u00b0 vs. 7.8\u00b0). Conclusions: WSOs increased forearm muscle activity at large wrist deviation angles and induced awkward shoulder postures in tasks requiring significant wrist deviation. Application: Use of WSOs in occupational settings should be carefully considered relative to task requirements, as orthoses may do more harm than good. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006778606859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,8]],"date-time":"2006-10-08T22:49:33Z","timestamp":1160347773000},"page":"499-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Wrist Splint Orthoses on Forearm Muscle Activity and Upper Extremity Posture"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Mirka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Biofeedback: Principles and practice for clinicians","author":"Basmajian, J. V.","year":"1989","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.53.5.434"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-1999-111-207"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.57.5.517"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Work design: Industrial ergonomics","author":"Konz, S.","year":"2000","edition":"5"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"517","volume":"72","author":"Kruger, V. L.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-1999-111-208"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(90)90054-6"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Design and analysis of experiments","author":"Montgomery, D. C.","year":"1984","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez, G. M. & Buchholz, B. O. (2000). A study of the use of a wrist splint to prevent WMSDs at a sprout grower. In Proceedings of the XIVth Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (pp. 4.225\u20134.228). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004402623"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90231-3"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(97)80043-9"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/mr.2000.3856"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872006778606859","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872006778606859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T05:09:45Z","timestamp":1741669785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1518\/001872006778606859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1518\/001872006778606859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872006778606859","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0018-7208"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1547-8181"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}