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Background: Unlike the previous literature on HMDs, this review draws heavily from the basic vision literature in order to help provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. Method: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search. Results: Issues discussed include the effect of brightness and contrast on depth of field, dark focus, dark ergence, and perceptual constancy; the effect of accommodation-vergence synergy on perceptual constancy, eyestrain, and discomfort; the relationship of field of view to the functioning of different visual pathways and the types of visual motor tasks mediated by them; the relationship of binocular input to visual suppression; and the importance of head movements, head tracking, and display update lag. Conclusion: This paper offers a set of recommendations for the design and use of HMDs. Application: Consideration of the basic vision literature will provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006778606877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,8]],"date-time":"2006-10-08T22:49:33Z","timestamp":1160347773000},"page":"555-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Patterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University, Pullman, Washington"}]},{"given":"Marc D.","family":"Winterbottom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Mesa, Arizona"}]},{"given":"Byron J.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Mesa, Arizona"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p2891"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-001-0937-0"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA408580"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"340","volume":"49","author":"Benson, A. 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