{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:05:45Z","timestamp":1767650745699,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: We investigated the influence of ongoing task display \u201ccompellingness\u201d on attention allocation patterns and assessed its interaction with interrupting task salience and importance. Background: There are some concerns that the compellingness of flight deck tunnel displays renders the task they support more resistant to interruptions, thus preventing the pilot from noticing cues signaling the need to divert attention to other tasks. Methods: Forty pilots flew three curved approaches in a high-fidelity simulation using a synthetic vision system (SVS) display. In addition to the primary task of flying, during the last approach they were required to select the approach path on the basis of environmental information concerning weather. The display layout supporting the primary flight task (tunnel vs. baseline display), the nature of the cue signaling the need to divert attention to the path selection task (visual vs. auditory-visual cue), and the cost of not performing the secondary task were manipulated to investigate their influence on task prioritization. Results: The modality and priority of the cue affected the frequency of the switch to the secondary task. Furthermore, pilots flying with a tunnel display were more likely to detect the change in the weather and were easily interrupted by the secondary task when priority was high. Conclusion: Our results suggest that some of the concerns regarding the negative consequences of the compelling nature of the tunnel display may not be as pronounced as thought. Applications: This study highlights the utility of the tunnel display in improving flight safety. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007779598118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,20]],"date-time":"2007-01-20T15:29:16Z","timestamp":1169306956000},"page":"16-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Factors Affecting Task Management in Aviation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Iani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, and Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy,"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Wickens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872001775992462"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0604_1"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Damos, D. (1997). Using interruptions to identify task prioritization in Part 121 air carrier operations. In R. S. Jensen (Ed.), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 871-876). Columbus, OH: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ohio State University."},{"volume-title":"The challenges of managing concurrent and deferred tasks","year":"2001","author":"Dismukes, R.K.","key":"atypb4"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0104_2"},{"volume-title":"Paper presented at the Third International Multi-Robot Systems Workshop","author":"Goodrich, M.A.","key":"atypb6"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.3.399.50397"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latorella, K.A. (1998). Effects of modality on interrupted flight deck performance: Implications for data link. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42nd Annual Meeting (pp. 87-91). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129804200120"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"321","volume":"56","author":"Liao, J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Le Travail Humain"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327051HCI1701_1"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00028-7"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.86.3.214"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327108IJAP1003_03"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap1401_4"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0403_2"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.27.4.763"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schutte, P.C. & Trujillo, A.C. (1996). Flight crew task management in nonnormal situations. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting (pp. 244-248). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129604000422"},{"volume-title":"Aerospace recommended practice ARP 5589: Human engineering considerations for perspective flight guidance displays","year":"2005","author":"Society of Automotive Engineers.","key":"atypb18"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.22.4.1005"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206843"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48th Annual Meeting","author":"Thomas, L.C.","key":"atypb21"},{"volume-title":"Attentional tunneling and task management (Tech. Rep. AHFD-05-23\/NASA)","year":"2005","author":"Wickens, C.D.","key":"atypb22"},{"volume-title":"The primary flight display and its pathway guidance: Workload, performance, and situation awareness (Tech. Rep. AHFD-03-02\/NASA)","year":"2003","author":"Wickens, C.D.","key":"atypb23"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickens, C.D., Alexander, A.L., Horrey, W.J., Nunes, A. & Hardy, T.J. (2004). Traffic and flight guidance depiction on a synthetic vision system display: The effect of clutter on performance and visual attention allocation. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48th Annual Meeting (pp. 218-222). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120404800147"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.45.3.360.27250"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872000779698015"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925274"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10768973"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872007779598118","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872007779598118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T15:50:38Z","timestamp":1741621838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1518\/001872007779598118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1518\/001872007779598118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872007779598118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0018-7208"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1547-8181"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}