{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:05:36Z","timestamp":1777669536797,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study investigates the effect of cognitive load on guidance of visual attention. Background: Previous studies have shown that cognitive load can undermine driving performance, particularly drivers' ability to detect safety-critical events. Cognitive load combined with the loss of exogenous cues, which can occur when the driver briefly glances away from the roadway, may be particularly detrimental. Method: In each of two experiments, twelve participants engaged in an auditory task while performing a change detection task. A change blindness paradigm was implemented to mask exogenous cues by periodically blanking the screen in a driving simulator while a change occurred. Performance measures included participants' sensitivity to vehicle changes and confidence in detecting them. Results: Cognitive load uniformly diminished participants' sensitivity and confidence, independent of safety relevance or lack of exogenous cues. Periodic blanking, which simulated glances away from the roadway, undermined change detection to a greater degree than did cognitive load; however, drivers' confidence in their ability to detect changes was diminished more by cognitive load than by periodic blanking. Conclusion: Cognitive load and short glances away from the road are additive in their tendency to increase the likelihood of drivers missing safety-critical events. Application: This study demonstrates the need to consider the combined consequence of cognitive load and brief glances away from the road in the design of emerging in-vehicle devices and the need to provide drivers with better feedback regarding these consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007x215791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,21]],"date-time":"2007-07-21T13:06:14Z","timestamp":1185023174000},"page":"721-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Visual Attention in Driving: The Effects of Cognitive Load and Visual Disruption"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ching","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ng Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90035-3"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00026-V"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Human factors in traffic safety","author":"Dewar, R.E.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e576912012-007"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dornhoefer, S.M., Unema, P.J.A. & Velichkovsky, B.M. (2002). Blinks, blanks and saccades: How blind we really are for relevant visual events. In J. Hy\u00f6n\u00e4, D. P. Munoz , W. Heide, & R. Radach (Eds.), The brain's eye: Neurobiological and clinical aspects of oculomotor research (pp. 119-131). 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(1981). Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement. In J. B. Long &A. D. Baddeley (Eds.), Attention and performance IX (pp. 187-203). 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(1999). The attentional blink: A front-end mechanism for fleeting memories. In V. Coltheart (Ed.), Fleeting memories: Cognition of brief visual stimuli (pp. 95-118). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221300009598569"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.11.006"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195482"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.4.640.56806"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.9.1.23"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211619"},{"key":"atypb42","unstructured":"Theeuwes, J. (1991b). Visual selection: Exogenous and endogenous control . In A. G. Gale, I. D. Brown, C. M. Haslegrave , H. W. Kruysse, & S. P. Taylor (Eds.), Vision in Vehicles III (pp. 53-61). 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