{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T19:21:43Z","timestamp":1782674503376,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: We show that psychophysiologically driven real-time adaptive aiding significantly enhances performance in a complex aviation task. Afurther goal was to assess the importance of individual operator capabilities when providing adaptive aiding. Background: Psychophysiological measures are useful for monitoring cognitive workload in laboratory and real-world settings. They can be recorded without intruding into task performance and can be analyzed in real time, making them candidates for providing operator functional state estimates. These estimates could be used to determine if and when system intervention should be provided to assist the operator to improve system performance. Methods: Adaptive automation was implemented while operators performed an uninhabited aerial vehicle task. Psychophysiological data were collected and an artificial neural network was used to detect periods of high and low mental workload in real time. The high-difficulty task levels used to initiate the adaptive automation were determined separately for each operator, and a group-derived mean difficulty level was also used. Results: Psychophysiologically determined aiding significantly improved performance when compared with the no-aiding conditions. Improvement was greater when adaptive aiding was provided based on individualized criteria rather than on group-derived criteria. The improvements were significantly greater than when the aiding was randomly provided. Conclusion: These results show that psychophysiologically determined operator functional state assessment in real time led to performance improvement when included in closed loop adaptive automation with a complex task. Application: Potential future applications of this research include enhanced workstations using adaptive aiding that would be driven by operator functional state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007x249875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,4]],"date-time":"2007-11-04T20:09:26Z","timestamp":1194206966000},"page":"1005-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":220,"title":["Performance Enhancement in an Uninhabited Air Vehicle Task Using Psychophysiologically Determined Adaptive Aiding"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Glenn F.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186766"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327590ijhc1702_3"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.598555"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Bonner, M.C., Taylor, R.M. & Miller, C.A. (2000). Tasking interface manager: Affording pilot control of adaptive automation and aiding. In P. T. McCabe, M. A. Hanson, & S. A. Robertson (Eds.), Contemporary ergonomics 2000 (pp. 70-74). 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(1991). Physiological measures of mental workload: A review of recent progress. In D. Damos (Ed.), Multiple task performance (pp. 279-238). London: Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003069447-14"},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"Krizo, E.J., Wilson, G.F. & Russell, C.A. (2005). NuWAM: The development of a modular, real-time augmented cognition system. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Vol. 11. Foundations of augmented cognition [CD-ROM]. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0501_6"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Parasuraman, R. (2003). Adaptive automation matched to human mental workload . In G. R. J. Hockey, A. W. K. Gaillard, & O. Burov (Eds.), Operator functional state: The assessment and prediction of human performance degradation in complex tasks (pp. 177-193). Amsterdam: IOS Press."},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"Parasuraman, R., Mouloua, M. & Hilburn, B. (1999). Adaptive aiding and adaptive task allocation enhance human-machine interaction. In M. W. Scerbo & M. Mouloua (Eds.), Automation technology and human performance: Current research and trends (pp. 119-123). 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