{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:27:20Z","timestamp":1773840440989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: This article summarizes two articles by Endsley on situation awareness (SA) and presents the influence of the concept on subsequent practice and theory of human factors. Background: In her articles, Endsley integrated and consolidated existing research done in the prior decade. Method: I carefully examined and integrated subsequent articles on the SA topic written by Endsley and by others. Results: This integration revealed that SA has been applied to areas of training, error analysis, design, selection, teamwork, and automation. Some key issues related to automation and SA are reviewed in detail. Conclusion: Situation awareness is a viable and important construct that still possesses some controversy over measurement issues. Application: Ways in which human factors practitioners have used the SA construct and numerous citations are provided to assist designers. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008x288420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,23]],"date-time":"2008-06-23T13:07:19Z","timestamp":1214226439000},"page":"397-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":240,"title":["Situation Awareness: Review of Mica Endsley's 1995 Articles on Situation Awareness Theory and Measurement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Wickens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049462"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (CD-ROM)","author":"Alexander, A.L."},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"A cognitive approach to situation awareness: Theory, measurement and application","author":"Banbury, S.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780849375477.ch62"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470713181.ch10"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-003-0136-9"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101110200022"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006779166316"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Durso, F. & Gronlund, S.D. (1999). Situation awareness. In F. T. Durso, R. Nickerson, R. Schvaneveldt, S. Dumais, M. Chi, & S. Lindsay (Eds.), Handbook of applied cognition (pp. 283-314). New York: Wiley."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470713181.ch7"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.12.020161.002353"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting","author":"Endsley, M.R."},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology","author":"Endsley, M.R."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049499"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049543"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816796.036"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R. (2006b). Situation awareness. In G. Salvendy (Ed.), Handbook of human factors and ergonomics (3rd ed., pp. 528-542). New York: Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470048204.ch20"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203485088"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Situation awareness analysis and measurement","author":"Endsley, M. R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R. & Jones, W.M. (2001). A model of inter- and intrateam situation awareness: Implications for design, training and measurement. In M. McNeese, E. Salas, & M. Endsley (Eds.), New trends in cooperative activities: Understanding system dynamics in complex environments (pp. 46-67). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ."},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401399185595"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779064555"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R. & Robertson, M.M. (2000). Training for situation awareness in individuals and teams. In M. R. Endsley & D. J. Garland (Eds.), Situation awareness analysis and measurement (pp. 349-366). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Retrieved March 7, 2008, from http:\/\/www.satechnologies.com\/Papers\/pdf\/SATrainingchapter.pdf","DOI":"10.1201\/b12461"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.102.2.211"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting","author":"Fracker, M.L."},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.10.1223"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Experimental analysis and measurement of situation awareness","author":"Garland, D.J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420064506"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Mental models","author":"Gentner, D.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopher, D. (1992). 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