{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T21:58:22Z","timestamp":1757541502927,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: The author reviews the paper by Kroemer (1972) on the design of the split geometry keyboard and the subsequent 35 years of research on the topic. Background: It was first suggested in the 1920s that arm strain in the typist could be reduced by splitting the keyboard into two halves and inclining the two halves laterally. The first systematic research on the split keyboard was conducted by Kroemer in the 1960s and published in his 1972 article. Methods: The literature on split geometry keyboards was identified, and the progression of the research was reviewed. Results: The Kroemer article marked the beginning of a prolonged, worldwide research effort to determine whether and how the split keyboard design might improve comfort and prevent pain in keyboard users. Conclusions: In the early 1990s, split keyboard designs began to be broadly commercially available. Clear evidence of a health benefit of the split keyboards emerged in the late 1990s. By 2006, a split keyboard was the number one\u2014selling keyboard, of all keyboards sold, in the U.S. retail market. Application: The history of research on this topic, the challenges to changing the conventional design, and the broader acceptance of the split design are a success story with lessons for all of us. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008x312215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,23]],"date-time":"2008-06-23T13:07:19Z","timestamp":1214226439000},"page":"385-392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Split Keyboard: An Ergonomics Success Story"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Rempel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087201400401"},{"volume-title":"American national standard for human factors engineering of visual display terminal workstations","year":"1988","author":"ANSI","key":"atypb2"},{"volume-title":"Workbook for ergonomic considerations in office design","year":"1984","author":"Arndt, R.","key":"atypb3"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925148"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1379"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-006-9031-6"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925223"},{"volume-title":"Visual display terminals","year":"1980","author":"Cakir, A.","key":"atypb8"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting","author":"Chen, C.","key":"atypb9"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700260503"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140137408931420"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139408964943"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10066"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-006-9037-0"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"221","volume":"35","author":"Grandjean, E.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Zeitschrift Arbeitswissenschaft"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting","author":"Honan, M.","key":"atypb16"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting","author":"Honan, M.","key":"atypb17"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449298708901839"},{"volume-title":"ISO 2126 - Alphanumeric keyboard operated with both hands","year":"1971","author":"International Standards Organization","key":"atypb19"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-50770-0"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140137108931228"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087201400110"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s102090100012"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20081"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02078461"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447319209526050"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/81.4.1038"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.10.638"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872099779656770"},{"key":"atypb30","first-page":"31","volume":"11","author":"McPhee, B.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Human Ergology"},{"key":"atypb31","unstructured":"Moore, J.S. & Swanson, N. 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