{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:46:48Z","timestamp":1777668408281,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]],"date-time":"1995-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":809913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Subjects were asked to rate the usability of interface designs that varied in compatibility of stimulus-response mappings. In Study 1 subjects rated light-button layouts. In Study 2, the same subjects rated stove burner control designs. In Study 3, different subjects ranked fragments of computer command languages. In all three judgment tasks, subjects showed limited sensitivity to stimulus-response compatibility. A theory of naive stimulus-response judgments is put forward to explain the patterns of judgments in the three tasks. According to this theory, naive judges use an item-summing heuristic: Where possible, designs are compared by summing the presumed goodness of individual stimulus-response mappings. The upshot of this heuristic is that the usability benefits of configural, rule-based mappings are systematically undervalued.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,3]],"date-time":"2006-12-03T17:51:27Z","timestamp":1165168287000},"page":"495-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Naive Judgments of Stimulus-Response Compatibility"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Payne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cardiff, Wales"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"atypb1","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Acton, M. B.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Human Factors Society Bulletin"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey, R. W. (1993). Performance versus preference. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting (pp. 282\u2013286). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129303700406"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"31","volume":"1","author":"Carroll, J. M.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Human Learning"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872085900100401"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Attention and performance VI","author":"Duncan, J.","year":"1977"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054967"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0062827"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(84)80035-8"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffman, E. R. (1990). Strength of component principles determining direction-of-turn stereotypes for horizontally moving displays. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Armual Meeting (pp. 457\u2013461). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129003400504"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/29933.30857"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"The psychology of computer use","author":"Jorgensen, A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.97.2.253"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Unified theories of cognition","author":"Newell, A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"The psychology of everyday things","author":"Norman, D. A.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0202_1"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Human factors in engineering and design","author":"Sanders, M. S.","year":"1987","edition":"6"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088102300306"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Engineering psychology and human performance","author":"Wickens, C. D.","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872095779049309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872095779049309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:49:56Z","timestamp":1777448996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1518\/001872095779049309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1518\/001872095779049309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872095779049309","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}}}