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The two distributed schedules were designed to differ only on structural components. Thus the encoding variability theory predicts that the distributed-random schedule will be superior to the distributed-fixed schedule, whereas the working memory reconstruction theory predicts no difference between the two. Measures of recognition discriminability on novel view stimuli indicated that men, but not women, showed a recognition with the distributed-random schedule superior to that with all other schedules. Thus the men's data were consistent with the encoding variability hypothesis. The gender difference suggests the importance of processing style, familiarity, and motivation in aircraft recognition. These results have implications for aircraft recognition training and instructional design. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872096778940822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,22]],"date-time":"2006-11-22T01:33:15Z","timestamp":1164159195000},"page":"34-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Spacing Effect in Aircraft Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Barry P.","family":"Goettl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Battig, W. F. (1966). Facilitation and interference. In E. A. Bilodeau, (Ed.), Acquisition of skill (pp. 215\u2013244. New York: Academic."},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Battig, W. F. (1979). The flexibility of human memory. In L. S. Cermak & F. I. M. Craik, (Eds.), Levels of processing in human memory (pp. 23\u201344. 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