{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:27:16Z","timestamp":1759332436991,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A study was conducted to examine the effect on the visual accommodation response of processing information presented either visually or aurally while viewing a real-world scene. A number of different conditions were tested in which a mental processing task, a virtual image overlaying the real world (as is the case with head-up displays), or both were present. These manipulations provided two factors that have previously been demonstrated to have some influence on the accommodation response: mental effort and perceived distance. They also allowed the investigation of the influence of the source modality of the information to be processed. The results suggested that these influences may have a cumulative effect on the visual accommodation response, possibly mediated by attentional factors. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872097778827179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,8]],"date-time":"2006-11-08T22:46:33Z","timestamp":1163025993000},"page":"374-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Visual Accommodation and Virtual Images: Do Attentional Factors Mediate the Interacting Effects of Perceived Distance, Mental Workload, and Stimulus Presentation Modality?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Graham K.","family":"Edgar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Aerospace Sowerby Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Aerospace Sowerby Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"551","volume":"27","author":"Alpern, M.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Industrial Medicine & Surgery"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Brickner, M. S. (1989). Apparent limitations of head-up displays and thermal imaging systems. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 703\u2013707). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005056"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006438"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197411000-00002"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713819479"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-9382(94)90059-0"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.35.7.381"},{"volume-title":"Cognitive issues in head-up displays","year":"1980","author":"Fischer, E.","key":"atypb9"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foyle, D. C., McCann, R. S. & Sanford, B. D. (1993). Attentional effects with superimposed symbology: Implications for head-up displays (HUD). In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting (pp. 1340\u20131344). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1518\/107118193784162227"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb11","first-page":"S458","volume":"36","author":"Francis, E. L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Hart, S. G. & Brickner, M. S. (1987). Helmet-mounted pilot night vision systems: Human factors issues. In Proceedings of the Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments Conference (pp. 13-1\u201313-21). Moffett Field, CA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration."},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-195611000-00001"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(76)90004-3"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210005"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088202400306"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088803000605"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1988.tb01181.x"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.66.000138"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00157-H"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095778995544"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198805000-00013"},{"volume-title":"Magnitude of visual accommodation to a head-up display","year":"1981","author":"Leitner, E. F.","key":"atypb23"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204888"},{"issue":"10","key":"atypb25","first-page":"3","volume":"30","author":"Newman, R. L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Factors Society Bullletin"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088602800202"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(75)90016-4"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087912210609"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088402600601"},{"key":"atypb30","unstructured":"Roscoe, S. N. (1987a). The eyes prefer real images. In Proceedings of the Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments Conference (pp. 21-1\u201321-9). Moffett Field, CA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration."},{"issue":"7","key":"atypb31","first-page":"1","volume":"30","author":"Roscoe, S. N.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Factors Society Bulletin"},{"issue":"11","key":"atypb32","first-page":"3","volume":"30","author":"Roscoe, S. N.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Factors Society Bulletin"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0404_5"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1990.tb00860.x"},{"key":"atypb35","first-page":"1039","volume":"67","author":"Schor, C. M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"atypb36","first-page":"5","volume":"30","author":"Silverstein, L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Factors Society Bulletin"},{"issue":"10","key":"atypb37","first-page":"1","volume":"30","author":"Weintraub, D. J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Factors Society Bulletin"},{"volume-title":"Human factors issues in head-up display design: The book of HUD.","year":"1992","author":"Weintraub, D. J.","key":"atypb38"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.1.3.179"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1991.tb00234.x"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872097778827179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872097778827179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T22:37:47Z","timestamp":1741646267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1518\/001872097778827179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1518\/001872097778827179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872097778827179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0018-7208"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1547-8181"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}}}