{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:57:28Z","timestamp":1767650248350,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]],"date-time":"1997-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":857174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The objectives of this study were (a) to determine errors in wrist angle measurements from a commercially available biaxial electrogoniometer and (b) to develop a calibration routine in order to correct for these errors. Goniometric measurements were collected simultaneously with true angular data using a fixture that allowed wrist movement in one plane while restricting motion in the orthogonal plane. These data were collected in two sets of trials: flexion\/extension with radial\/ulnar deviation restricted, and radial\/ulnar deviation with flexion\/extension restricted. During these trials, we studied discrete 30\u00b0 increments of forearm rotation. The results showed the expected cross talk and zero drift errors during forearm rotation. The application of mathematical equations that describe the effect of goniometer twist resulted in significant error reduction for most forearm rotations. The calibration technique employs both a slope and a displacement transformation to improve the accuracy of angular data. The calibration technique may be used on data collected in the field if forearm rotation is measured simultaneously with the goniometer data. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872097778940696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,22]],"date-time":"2006-11-22T01:33:15Z","timestamp":1164159195000},"page":"119-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Practical Operation of a Biaxial Goniometer at the Wrist Joint"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Bryan","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of work environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Wellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of work environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00562-X","volume":"2","author":"Armstrong, T.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hand Clinics"},{"volume-title":"Paper presented at the 24th Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health","author":"Armstrong, T.","key":"atypb2"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668291409433"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(05)80004-X"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139408963636"},{"volume-title":"Paper presented at the First World Congress of Biomechanics","author":"Casolo, F.","key":"atypb6"},{"volume-title":"Anthropometry of the hand of female air force flight personnel","year":"1970","author":"Garrett, J. 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