{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T02:57:32Z","timestamp":1770433052423,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]],"date-time":"1997-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":857174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Three experiments were conducted to determine which of five response bias indices (\u03b2, c, B\", B'<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> and B\"<jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub>) defined by the theory of signal detection provides the most effective measure of the observer's willingness to respond in a vigilance task. The results indicated that the traditional parametric bias index \u03b2 was an inadequate measure of response bias in every respect, whereas the newer parametric measure c was the most effective of all five indices. When the three nonparametric measures (B\", B'<jats:sub>H'<\/jats:sub> and B\"<jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub>) were examined separately, B\"<jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub> emerged as the most effective nonparametric index. We recommend that vigilance researchers use c rather than \u03b2 to measure bias when a parametric model is involved and B\"<jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub> instead of B\" and B' <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> when a nonparametric model is used. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872097778940704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,22]],"date-time":"2006-11-22T01:33:15Z","timestamp":1164159195000},"page":"14-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Vigilance and Signal Detection Theory: An Empirical Evaluation of Five Measures of Response Bias"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Judi E.","family":"See","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Logicon Technical Services, Inc., Dayton, Ohio"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Warm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}]},{"given":"William N.","family":"Dember","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1969.tb01189.x"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088002200113"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042875"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024087"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087902100109"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057173"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00049536808255760"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210474"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"The psychology of vigilance.","author":"Davies, D. 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