{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:04:00Z","timestamp":1771556640341,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This paper reports a detailed analysis of over 300 civilian incident reports that identified whether loss of situation awareness (SA) was related to air crew role assignment. The results indicate (a) that loss of SA is responsible for an incident more often when the captain is at the controls than when the first officer (FO) is at the controls, and (b) that the pilot flying (PF) is more likely to lose situation awareness than the pilot not flying (PNF). As a result, captains lose SA more often across aircraft types, flight segments, and weather conditions when they are the PF than when they are the PNF. The results also suggest that the person who is flying commits more of the critical errors that lead to an incident. Together, the results indicate that captains lose SA more often and make more tactical errors when they are at the controls than when they are not. Applications of this research include aircrew training, procedure development, and accident\/incident analysis. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1518\/001872099779577237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]],"date-time":"2007-01-18T23:08:52Z","timestamp":1169161732000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Who Is Flying This Plane Anyway? What Mishaps Tell Us about Crew Member Role Assignment and Air Crew Situation Awareness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Jentsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"}]},{"given":"Clint A.","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division, Orlando, Florida"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Berman, B. A. (1995)Flightcrew errors and the contexts in which they occurred: 37 major U. S. carrier accidents. In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology ( 1291\u20131294)Columbus, OH: Ohio State University."},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Meeting Minutes from the Crew Fitness Subcommittee (G-10A) of the Society of Automotive Engineers","author":"Besco, R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"The study of crew coordination and performance in hierarchical team decision making","author":"Bowers, C.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endsley, M. & Rogers, M. D. (1996)Attention distribution and situation awareness in air traffic control. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting (82\u201385)Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129604000216"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Links between aeronautical decision making and crew coordination","author":"Jentsch, F.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Development and testing of a diagnostic and training tool for PNF backup behaviors","author":"Jentsch, F.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Identifying critical training needs for junior first officers","author":"Jentsch, F.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Komich, J. (1985)An analysis of the dearth of assertiveness by subordinate crew members. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Aviation Psychology (431\u2013436)Columbus, OH: Ohio State University."},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Safety study: A review of flightcrew-involved, major accidents of U.S. air carriers, 1978 through 1990","author":"National Transportation Safety Board [NTSB].","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Proceedings of an International Conference on Experimental Analysis and Measurement of Situation Awareness","author":"Orasanu, J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Pew, R. (1995)The state of situational awareness measurement: Circa 1995. In D. J. Garland & M. R. Endsley(Eds.), Proceedings of an International Conference on Experimental Analysis and Measurement of Situation Awareness (7\u201315)Daytona Beach, FL: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Press."},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Proceedings of an International Conference on Experimental Analysis and Measurement of Situation Awareness","author":"Prince, C.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Robertson, M. & Endsley, M. (1995)The role of crew resource management (CRM) in achieving team situational awareness. In Human factors in aviation operations: Proceedings of the 21st Conference of the European Association for Aviation Psychology (Vol. 3, 281\u2013286)London: Avebury Aviation."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049525"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049516"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Flying the big jets","author":"Stewart, S.","year":"1992","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Individual and group decision making: Current issues","author":"Wellens, A. R.","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872099779577237","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1518\/001872099779577237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T18:39:46Z","timestamp":1741631986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1518\/001872099779577237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1518\/001872099779577237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872099779577237","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}}}