{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T10:57:19Z","timestamp":1787482639022,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Babiloni-Lopez, C, Fritz, N, Ramirez-Campillo, R, and Colado, JC. Water-based exercise in patients with nonspecific chronic low-back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">J Strength Cond Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    38(1): 206\u2013219, 2024\u2014This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize evidence (i.e., active [land-based training] and nonactive controls [e.g., receiving usual care]) regarding the effects of water-based training on patients with nonspecific chronic low-back pain (NSCLBP). Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, EBSCO (SPORTDiscus; CINAHL), and PEDro were searched, with no date restrictions, until October 2021. The included studies satisfied the following criteria: (a) NSCLBP (\u226512 weeks) patients, (b) water-based intervention, (c) control group (land-based trained; nonactive group), and (d) outcomes related to pain, disability, quality of life, or flexibility. The main outcome analyzed in the meta-analysis was pain intensity. Secondary outcomes included disability, body mass index, and flexibility. The random-effects model was used, and effect size (ES) values are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The impact of heterogeneity was assessed (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    statistic), with values of &lt;25%, 25\u201375%, and &gt;75% representing low, moderate, and high levels, respectively. Alpha was set at\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05. In conclusion, 15 studies (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 524) were meta-analyzed. After intervention, pain intensity was reduced compared with nonactive controls (ES = \u22123.61;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.001) and a similar reduction was noted when compared with land-based trained group (ES = \u22120.14;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p =<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.359). Greater decrease in disability (ES = 2.15;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) and greater increase in sit-and-reach (i.e., flexibility; ES = \u22122.44;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.001) were noted after intervention compared with the nonactive group. In conclusion, water-based exercise therapy reduces pain intensity, disability, and increases flexibility in NSCLBP compared with nonactive subjects and was equally effective compared with land-based exercise to reduce pain. Favorable effects may be expected at \u22648 weeks. However, due to several methodological issues (e.g., high heterogeneity), for the improvement of most outcomes, we are unable to provide other than a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">weak<\/jats:italic>\n                    recommendation in favor of intervention compared with control treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000004635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T12:02:55Z","timestamp":1702382575000},"page":"206-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Water-Based Exercise in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low-Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1519","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Babiloni-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;"},{"name":"Department of Health, University of Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2035-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Ramirez-Campillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;"},{"name":"Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Colado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1938688.344","article-title":"The effect of aquatic exercise program on low-back pain disability in obese women","volume":"15","author":"Abadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"key":"R2-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1776002","article-title":"Power, precision, and sample size estimation in sport and exercise science research","volume":"38","author":"Abt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R3-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1072-1","article-title":"Chapter 4. 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