{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:59:25Z","timestamp":1772776765503,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Gon\u00e7alves, B, Esteves, P, Folgado, H, Ric, A, Torrents, C, and Sampaio, J. Effects of pitch area-restrictions on tactical behavior, physical and physiological performances in soccer large-sided games. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">J Strength Cond Res<\/jats:italic> 31(9): 2398\u20132408, 2017\u2014The aim of this study was to identify how pitch area-restrictions affect the tactical behavior, physical, and physiological performances of players during soccer large-sided games. A 10 vs. 9 large-sided game was performed under 3 experimental conditions: (a) restricted-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where players were assigned and they should not leave it; (b) contiguous-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where the players were only allowed to move to a neighboring one; (c) free-spacing, the players had no restrictions in space occupation. The positional data were used to compute players' spatial exploration index and also the distance, coefficient of variation, approximate entropy, and frequency of near-in-phase displacements synchronization of players' dyads formed by the outfield teammates. Players' physical and physiological performances were assessed by the distance covered at different speed categories, game pace, and heart rate. Most likely higher values were found in players' spatial exploration index under free-spacing conditions. The synchronization between dyads' displacements showed higher values for contiguous-spacing and free-spacing conditions. In contrast, for the jogging and running intensity zones, restricted-spacing demanded a moderate effect and most likely decrease compared with other scenarios (\u223c20\u201350% to jogging and \u223c60\u201390% to running). Overall, the effects of limiting players' spatial exploration greatly impaired the coadaptation between teammates' positioning while decreasing the physical and physiological performances. These results allow for a better understanding of players' decision-making process according to specific task rules and can be relevant to enrich practice task design, such that coaches acknowledge the differential effect by using specific pitch-position area restrictions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T09:42:22Z","timestamp":1478079742000},"page":"2398-2408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Effects of Pitch Area-Restrictions on Tactical Behavior, Physical, and Physiological Performances in Soccer Large-Sided Games"],"prefix":"10.1519","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal;"},{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal;"},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Folgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal;"},{"name":"Department of Sport and Health, School of Science and Technology, University of E\u0301vora, E\u0301vora, Portugal; and"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Ric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carlota","family":"Torrents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal;"},{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal;"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822dd398","article-title":"Effects of the number of players and game type constraints on heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and technical actions of small-sided soccer games","volume":"26","author":"Abrantes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R2-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318267a35c","article-title":"Physiological responses and activity profiles of football small-sided games","volume":"27","author":"Aguiar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R3-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1022571","article-title":"Footballers' movement behaviour during 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-a-side small-sided games","volume":"33","author":"Aguiar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R4-20230819","first-page":"50","article-title":"Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes","volume":"1","author":"Batterham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Sport Physiol"},{"key":"R5-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.521168","article-title":"Time-motion, heart rate, perceptual and motor behaviour demands in small-sides soccer games: Effects of pitch size","volume":"28","author":"Casamichana","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R6-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31825d99dc","article-title":"Influence of different training regimes on physical and physiological demands during small-sided soccer games: continuous vs. intermittent format","volume":"27","author":"Casamichana","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R7-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000788","article-title":"Influence of the number of players and the relative pitch area per player on heart rate and physical demands in youth soccer","volume":"29","author":"Castellano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R8-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1022575","article-title":"Typical weekly workload of under 15, under 17, and under 19 elite Portuguese football players","volume":"33","author":"Coutinho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R10-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333040-00001","article-title":"Movement systems as dynamical systems: The functional role of variability and its implications for sports medicine","volume":"33","author":"Davids","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R11-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2011.08.013","article-title":"Technical and physical demands of small vs. large sided games in relation to playing position in elite soccer","volume":"31","author":"Dellal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Movement Sci"},{"key":"R12-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924294","article-title":"Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer","volume":"28","author":"Di Salvo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"R13-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262285","article-title":"Sports teams as superorganisms: Implications of sociobiological models of behaviour for research and practice in team sports performance analysis","volume":"42","author":"Duarte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R14-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-013-2290-3","article-title":"Capturing complex, non-linear team behaviours during competitive football performance","volume":"26","author":"Duarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Syst Sci Complex"},{"key":"R15-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2012.03.001","article-title":"Intra- and inter-group coordination patterns reveal collective behaviors of football players near the scoring zone","volume":"31","author":"Duarte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Movement Sci"},{"key":"R17-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097145","article-title":"Competing with lower level opponents decreases intra-team movement synchronization and time-motion demands during pre-season soccer matches","volume":"9","author":"Folgado","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R18-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1022576","article-title":"The effects of congested fixtures period on tactical and physical performance in elite football","volume":"33","author":"Folgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R19-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.703783","article-title":"Variability of inter-team distances associated with match events in elite-standard soccer","volume":"30","author":"Frencken","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R21-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.816761","article-title":"Effect of player position on movement behaviour, physical and physiological performances during an 11-a-side football game","volume":"32","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R22-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000564","article-title":"Small-sided games in team sports training: A brief review","volume":"28","author":"Halouani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R23-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080130","article-title":"Movement variability and the use of nonlinear tools: Principles to guide physical therapist practice","volume":"89","author":"Harbourne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Therapy"},{"key":"R24-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2165\/11539740-000000000-00000","article-title":"Physiology of small-sided games training in football a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Hill-Haas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R25-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","article-title":"Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science","volume":"41","author":"Hopkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exer"},{"key":"R26-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1363237","article-title":"Effect of defensive pressure on movement behaviour during an under-18 basketball game","volume":"35","author":"Leite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"R27-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181f0a8a3","article-title":"Heart rate responses and technical comparison between small- vs. large-sided games in elite professional soccer","volume":"25","author":"Owen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R28-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410400021682","article-title":"A dynamical analysis of tennis: Concepts and data","volume":"23","author":"Palut","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R29-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.6.2297","article-title":"Approximate entropy as a measure of system-complexity","volume":"88","author":"Pincus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R30-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.33.1.146","article-title":"Representative learning design and functionality of research and practice in sport","volume":"33","author":"Pinder","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psy"},{"key":"R31-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1136068","article-title":"Timescales for exploratory tactical behaviour in football small-sided games","volume":"34","author":"Ric","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R32-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.04.005","article-title":"Effects of pacing, status and unbalance in time motion variables, heart rate and tactical behaviour when playing 5-a-side football small-sided games","volume":"17","author":"Sampaio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"R33-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-012-0011-z","article-title":"Key properties of expert movement systems in sport: An ecological dynamics perspective","volume":"43","author":"Seifert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R34-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.961950","article-title":"Field dimension and skill level constrain team tactical behaviours in small-sided and conditioned games in football","volume":"32","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R36-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1123\/krj.2.1.93","article-title":"A perspective on human movement variability with applications in infancy motor development","volume":"2","author":"Stergiou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kinesiol Rev"},{"key":"R37-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000932","article-title":"Heart rate, time-motion, and body impacts when changing the number of teammates and opponents in soccer small-sided games","volume":"29","author":"Torres-Ronda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R38-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2012.11.002","article-title":"Expertise effects on decision-making in sport are constrained by requisite response behaviours\u2014A meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Travassos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"R39-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2011.11.009","article-title":"Informational constraints shape emergent functional behaviours during performance of interceptive actions in team sports","volume":"13","author":"Travassos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"R40-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2014.10.005","article-title":"How perceiving additional targets modifies teams' tactical behavior during football small-sided games","volume":"38","author":"Travassos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Movement Sci"},{"key":"R41-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-013-2286-z","article-title":"Science of winning soccer: Emergent pattern-forming dynamics in association football","volume":"26","author":"Vilar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Syst Sci Complex"},{"key":"R42-20230819","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interpersonal coordination tendencies supporting the creation\/prevention of goal scoring opportunities in futsal","volume":"14","author":"Vilar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00124278-201709000-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T08:57:43Z","timestamp":1692435463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00124278-201709000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001700","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-8011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-8011","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}