{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T09:59:32Z","timestamp":1768557572420,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Zacca, R, Azevedo, R, Peterson Silveira, R, Vilas-Boas, JP, Pyne, DB, Castro, FAdS, and Fernandes, RJ. Comparison of incremental intermittent and time trial testing in age-group swimmers. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">J Strength Cond Res<\/jats:italic> 33(3): 801\u2013810, 2019\u2014The aim of this study was to compare physiological and biomechanical characteristics between an incremental intermittent test and a time trial protocol in age-group swimmers. Eleven national level age-group swimmers (6 men and 5 women) performed a 7 \u00d7 200-m incremental intermittent protocol (until exhaustion; 30-second rest) and a 400-m test (T<jats:sub>400<\/jats:sub>) in front crawl on separate days. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured continuously using a telemetric portable gas analyzer. Swimming speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index were assessed by video analysis. Physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, and lactate concentrations) and biomechanical variables between seventh 200-m step (in which the minimal swimming speed that elicits maximal oxygen uptake\u2014vV\u0307<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                           <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max was identified) and T<jats:sub>400<\/jats:sub> (time trial\/fixed distance) were compared with a paired student's <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic> test, Pearson's product-moment correlation, Passing-Bablok regression, and Bland-Altman plot analyses. There were high level of agreement and high correlations (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>-values \u223c0.90; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05) for all physiological variables between the seventh 200-m step and T<jats:sub>400<\/jats:sub>. Similarly, there were high level of agreements and high correlations (r-values \u223c0.90; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05) for all biomechanical variables and only trivial bias in swimming speed (0.03 m\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; 2%). Primary physiological and biomechanical responses between incremental intermittent and representative time trial protocols were similar, but best practice dictates protocols should not be used interchangeably to minimize errors in prescribing swimming training speeds. The T<jats:sub>400<\/jats:sub> is a valid, useful, and easier to administer test for aerobic power assessment in age-group swimmers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T14:21:55Z","timestamp":1498659715000},"page":"801-810","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Comparison of Incremental Intermittent and Time Trial Testing in Age-Group Swimmers"],"prefix":"10.1519","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Zacca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;"},{"name":"CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil;"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra PRD, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Peterson Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil;"},{"name":"School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Aquatic Sports Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy;"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Pyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia; and"},{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio A. de S.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Aquatic Sports Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230819","first-page":"336","article-title":"Is the new AquaTrainer\u00ae snorkel valid for VO2 assessment in swimming?","volume":"34","author":"Baldari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Sports 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