{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T16:39:56Z","timestamp":1764002396185,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Riscart-L\u00f3pez, J, Rendeiro-Pinho, G, Mil-Homens, P, Costa, RS-d, Loturco, I, Pareja-Blanco, F, and Le\u00f3n-Prados, JA. Effects of Four different velocity-based training programming models on strength gains and physical performance. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">J Strength Cond Res<\/jats:italic> 35(3): 596\u2013603, 2021\u2014The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 4 velocity-based training (VBT) programming models (linear programming [LP], undulating programming [UP], reverse programming [RP], and constant programming [CP]) on the physical performance of moderately strength-trained men. Forty-three young (age: 22.9 \u00b1 4.8 years; body mass [BM]: 71.7 \u00b1 7.6; full squat [SQ] relative strength 1.32 \u00b1 0.29) subjects were randomly assigned to LP (gradually increase training intensity and decrease volume), UP (volume and intensity increase or decrease repeatedly), RP (gradually increases volume and decrease intensity), and CP (maintains constant volume and intensity) groups and followed an 8-week VBT intervention using the SQ exercise and monitoring movement velocity for every repetition. All groups trained with similar relative average intensity (67.5% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), magnitude of velocity loss within the set (20%), number of sets (3), and interset recoveries (4 minutes) throughout the training program. Pre-training and post-training measurements included predicted SQ (1RM), average velocity attained for all loads common to pre-tests and post-tests (AV), average velocity for those loads that were moved faster (AV &gt; 1) and slower (AV &lt; 1) than 1 m\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> at pre-tests, countermovement jump height (CMJ), and 20-m sprint time (T20). No significant group \u00d7 time interactions were observed for any of the variables analyzed. All groups obtained similar increases (shown in effect size values) in 1RM strength (LP: 0.88; UP: 0.54; RP: 0.62; CP: 0.51), velocity-load-related variables (LP: 0.74\u20134.15; UP: 0.46\u20135.04; RP: 0.36\u20133.71; CP: 0.74\u20133.23), CMJ height (LP: 0.35; UP: 0.53; RP: 0.49; CP: 0.34), and sprint performance (LP: 0.34; UP: 0.35; RP: 0.32; CP: 0.30). These results suggest that different VBT programming models induced similar physical performance gains in moderately strength-trained subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000003934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T17:02:01Z","timestamp":1609088521000},"page":"596-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of Four Different Velocity-Based Training Programming Models on Strength Gains and Physical Performance"],"prefix":"10.1519","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Riscart-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pablo de Olavid University, Seville, Spain;"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Rendeiro-Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mil-Homens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Soares-daCosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jamor High Performance Sports Center, Lisboa, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Irineu","family":"Loturco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil;"},{"name":"University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Pareja-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pablo de Olavid University, Seville, Spain;"},{"name":"Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavid University, Seville, Spain"}]},{"given":"Juan A.","family":"Le\u00f3n-Prados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pablo de Olavid University, Seville, Spain;"},{"name":"Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavid University, Seville, Spain"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250806","first-page":"235","article-title":"Periodization: The effect on strength of manipulating volume and intensity","volume":"8","author":"Baker","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R2-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000366","article-title":"A Comparison of traditional and block periodized strength training programs in trained athletes","volume":"28","author":"Bartolomei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R3-20250806","first-page":"1245","article-title":"A Comparison of periodization models during nine weeks with equated volume and intensity for strength","volume":"21","author":"Buford","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R4-20250806","first-page":"19","article-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","volume":"567","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Power Anal Behav Sci"},{"key":"R5-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-019-02265-6","article-title":"Reproducibility and repeatability of five different technologies for bar velocity measurement in resistance training","volume":"47","author":"Courel-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"R6-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0855-3","article-title":"The general adaptation syndrome: A foundation for the concept of periodization","volume":"48","author":"Cunanan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R7-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2015.07.002","article-title":"The training process: Planning for strength-power training in track and field. 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