{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:10:50Z","timestamp":1750983050652,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"ASTM International","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A new laboratory test, the crack-filling erosion test (CFET), was developed to study crack filling during the progression of internal erosion in the embankment of zoned dams. Crack filling involves the transport of eroded material from an upstream zone, through a flaw in the core, which is then retained by a downstream granular layer. In the CFET, the specimen comprises a core, an upstream shell material, and a downstream filter layer. These are compacted inside a test apparatus made up of several pieces. The specimen is subjected to water flow through a predrilled hole in the core to simulate a concentrated leak. Seven granular upstream materials, two core soils, and two granular filters are examined. Following an extensive testing program, experimental observations and physical descriptions are presented. Three main types of pattern behaviors are identified: rapid crack filling with almost \u201cno erosion\u201d of the core; filtering after \u201csome erosion\u201d or \u201cexcessive erosion\u201d of the core and\/or upstream material; and \u201ccontinuing erosion\u201d of the core and upstream material. When the core has moderate-to-high resistance to erosion, crack filling is mainly governed by grading properties of the upstream zone and of the filter. Crack filling is more likely to occur the finer the filter layer, the higher the fine-sand content of the upstream soil, and the lower the fines content of the upstream soil. Test results are checked against the subjective guidelines on crack-filling action available in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1520\/gtj20140074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,5]],"date-time":"2015-06-05T08:38:03Z","timestamp":1433493483000},"page":"915-928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Laboratory Test for Evaluating Crack Filling During Internal Erosion in Zoned Dams"],"prefix":"10.1520","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ricardo Neves","family":"Correia dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geotechnical Dept., Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) 1 Research Engineer, Ph.D. Student , , Avenida do Brasil, No. 101, 1700-066, Lisbon, PT"}]},{"given":"Laura Maria Mello Saraiva","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) 2 Principal Research Officer, Head of the Geotechnical Dept. , , Avenida do Brasil, No. 101, 1700-066, Lisbon, PT"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Maranha das Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST) \u2013 Univ. of Lisbon (UL) 3 Jubilee Full Professor , , Avenida Rovisco Pais, No. 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, PT"}]}],"member":"381","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf\/ft3 (600 kN-m\/m3)","key":"2025062619101989300_c1"},{"volume-title":"Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer","key":"2025062619101989300_c2"},{"volume-title":"Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)","key":"2025062619101989300_c3"},{"volume-title":"Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table","key":"2025062619101989300_c4"},{"volume-title":"Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density","key":"2025062619101989300_c5"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062619101989300_c6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:1(57)","article-title":"Experimental Parametric Study of Suffusion and Backward Erosion","volume":"134","author":"Bendahmane","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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Geoeng."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062619101989300_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1139\/t86-068","article-title":"Internal Stability of Granular Filters: Reply","volume":"23","author":"Kenney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. Geotech. J."},{"key":"2025062619101989300_c18","article-title":"Analysis of Crack Erosion in Dam Cores: The Crack Erosion Test","volume-title":"De Mello Volume: A Tribute to Prof. Dr. Victor F.B. de Mello","author":"Maranha das Neves","year":"1989"},{"key":"2025062619101989300_c19","unstructured":"Maranha das Neves, E.\n          , 1991, \u201cComportamento de Barragens de Terra-Enrocamento,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (UNL\u2013FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 371 pp."},{"key":"2025062619101989300_c20","first-page":"173","article-title":"Filters and Internal Erosion in Swedish Dams","volume-title":"Internal Erosion of Dams and Their Foundations","author":"Nilsson","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025062619101989300_c21","first-page":"167","article-title":"The Susceptibility of Internal Erosion in the Suorva Dam","volume-title":"Internal Erosion of Dams and Their Foundations","author":"Nilsson","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025062619101989300_c22","unstructured":"Park, Y.\n          , 2003, \u201cInvestigation of the Ability of Filters to Stop Erosion through Cracks in Dams,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, p. 200."},{"key":"2025062619101989300_c23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Filters and Leakage Control in Embankment Dams","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Seepage and Leakage from Dams and Impoundments","author":"Sherard","year":"1985"},{"key":"2025062619101989300_c24","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6dahl, P.\n          , 2006, \u201cResistivity Investigation and Monitoring for Detection of Internal Erosion and Anomalous Seepage in Dams,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 96 pp."},{"key":"2025062619101989300_c25","article-title":"Protective Filters","volume-title":"Final Design Standards No. 13. 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