{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:25:31Z","timestamp":1765423531880,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"ASTM International","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.06879.PTDC","PTDC\/EAM-GTC\/29923\/2017","UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.06879.PTDC","PTDC\/EAM-GTC\/29923\/2017","UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.06879.PTDC","PTDC\/EAM-GTC\/29923\/2017","UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.06879.PTDC","PTDC\/EAM-GTC\/29923\/2017","UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The small strain shear modulus (G0) is an important characteristic of geomaterials. Its laboratory measurements are very frequently based on bender element transducers installed in different geotechnical apparatuses. Despite their widespread use, there is room to improve the precision, reproducibility, and robustness of bender element measurements, which are currently hampered by an oversimplified interpretation model of the test. Aspects such as transducer directivity, apparatus-induced size effects, and boundary reflectivity are poorly understood and accounted for. This work presents a novel modified Rowe cell apparatus specifically designed to obtain experimental data relevant to those features. The modified Rowe cell uses transmitter and receiver bender elements on the same boundary of the sample, performing dynamic measurements in echo mode with variable initial specimen size. Additionally, the modified Rowe cell endorses the flexible installation of the receivers and enables the use of multiple receivers, with distinct orientations. Furthermore, the modified Rowe cell gives the option of using different boundary conditions at the reflecting end to test the dynamic properties of usual geotechnical testing apparatus interfaces such as (semi-) rigid enclosures and flexible membranes. A systematic reliability study of the bender element measurements on the modified Rowe cell is presented, along with some illustrative examples of the capabilities of the apparatus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1520\/gtj20230329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T15:55:32Z","timestamp":1723823732000},"page":"985-1005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Modified Rowe Cell with Bender Elements for Small Strain Shear Modulus Measurements"],"prefix":"10.1520","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0953-3888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdalla Mustafa Abdalla","family":"Almukashfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto para a Sustentabilidade e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Estruturas de Engenharia, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m 1 , 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Castellanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca 2 , Piazza dell\u2019Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano 20126 ,","place":["Italy"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0103-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gomes Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto para a Sustentabilidade e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Estruturas de Engenharia, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m 1 , 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9384-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) 3 , Jordi Girona 1-3, Campus Nord UPC, Modul D-2, Barcelona 08034 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centre Internacional de M\u00e9todes Num\u00e9rics en Enginyeria (CIMNE) 4 , Carrer del Gran Capit\u00e1, S\/N, Barcelona 08034, Catalunya ,","place":["Spain"]}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Zuretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zuretti Luigi SRL 5 , Via A. Diaz 22, Mesenzana 21030 ,","place":["Italy"]}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bendea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa 6 , Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001 ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-0770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionut Dragos","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa 6 , Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001 ,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Lus\u00f3fona University 7 , Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024 ,","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"381","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025062619475867600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1680\/geot.2003.53.3.337","article-title":"Source Near-Field Effects and Pulse Tests in Soil Samples","volume":"53","year":"2003","journal-title":"G\u00e9otechnique"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062619475867600_B2","first-page":"17","article-title":"An Estimate of Uncertainty in Current Laboratory Pulse Test Practice","volume":"37","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rivista Italiana di Geotecnica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062619475867600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1680\/geot.2006.56.1.39","article-title":"Effects of Sample Size on Bender-Based Axial G0 Measurements","volume":"56","year":"2006","journal-title":"G\u00e9otechnique"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062619475867600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1520\/GTJ102872","article-title":"Shear Wave Measurements Using Bender Elements in Argillaceous Rocks","volume":"33","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geotechnical Testing Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062619475867600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1520\/GTJ10750J","article-title":"Analysis of Bender Element Tests","volume":"21","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geotechnical Testing Journal"},{"key":"2025062619475867600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ASTM International. 2019. 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