{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:11:11Z","timestamp":1771294271875,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"ASTM International","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Adhesive bonding by structural adhesives has been used for several decades, helping to solve various problems related to the conventional joining techniques, such as welding, riveting, or bolting. Adhesive joints present less structural weight, lower manufacturing cost, the possibility to join different materials, and high fatigue strength. The increasing use of composite materials also helped to the growing use of adhesive joints, since these do not break the reinforcing fibers' continuity. An adhesive joint is mainly subjected to peel and shear loads. However, the knowledge of the tensile (E) and shear (G) moduli of the adhesive, and its tensile (\u03c3f) and shear failure strengths (\u03c4f), is not enough to predict the joint behavior. In fact, the critical strain energy release rate in tension (GIc) and shear (GIIc) are equally necessary for advanced modelling techniques such as cohesive zone modelling (CZM). This work aimed to study a novel structural polyurethane adhesive to obtain material property data that can be further used for the strength prediction of bonded structures. With this purpose, 4 tests were performed: tensile testing to bulk specimens, shear testing with thick adherend shear tests (TAST), double-cantilever beam (DCB), and end-notched flexure (ENF) tests. These tests will allow values to be determined for the mechanical and fracture properties of the adhesive in tension and shear. The parameters to predict the strength of adhesive joints with this adhesive by various methods were provided, ranging from the easy to apply analytical methods to the most advanced numerical methods available nowadays. A detailed comparison is also undertaken with an adhesive of the same family. The obtained results were in close agreement with the few data provided by the manufacturer (E and \u03c3f), while fracture data was also provided with a good agreement between data reduction schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1520\/jte20150335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]],"date-time":"2016-02-03T04:36:18Z","timestamp":1454474178000},"page":"398-407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Strength and Fracture Characterization of a Novel Polyurethane Adhesive for the Automotive Industry"],"prefix":"10.1520","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"T. M. S.","family":"Faneco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto 1 , Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072Porto, PT"}]},{"given":"R. D. S. G.","family":"Campilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto 2 , Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072Porto, PT"}]},{"given":"F. J. G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto 3 , Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072Porto, PT"}]},{"given":"R. M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto 4 , Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072Porto, PT"}]}],"member":"381","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024022202373166400_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE102753","article-title":"Analysis of Fracture in Aluminum Joints Bonded With a Bi-Component Epoxy Adhesive","volume":"39","author":"Alfano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Test. Eval."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3139\/9783446431775","volume-title":"Adhesion and Adhesives Technology: An Introduction","author":"Pocius","year":"2012","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022202373166400_c3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adhesively Bonded Joints in Composite Materials\u2014An Overview","volume":"223","author":"Banea","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Des. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024022202373166400_c4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1108\/01445151211244456","article-title":"Moulds Design for Adhesive Bulk and Joint Specimens Manufacturing","volume":"32","author":"Banea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Assembly Autom."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527647026","volume-title":"Testing Adhesive Joints: Best Practices","author":"da Silva","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c6","first-page":"51","article-title":"Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of the Adhesives for Automotive Industry","volume":"224","author":"Banea","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mater.: Des. Appl."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01169-6","volume-title":"Handbook of Adhesion Technology","author":"da Silva","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2024022202373166400_c8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/00218460902881808","article-title":"Mechanical Characterization of Flexible Adhesives","volume":"85","author":"Banea","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Adhes."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/mawe.201000605","article-title":"Static and Fatigue Behaviour of Room Temperature Vulcanizing Silicone Adhesives for High Temperature Aerospace Applications","volume":"41","author":"Banea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Materialwiss. Werkst."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022202373166400_c10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2010.09.008","article-title":"Strength Prediction of Single- and Double-Lap Joints by Standard and Extended Finite Element Modelling","volume":"31","author":"Campilho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022202373166400_c11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE10351J","article-title":"Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Applied to an Adhesive Spar-Wingskin Joint","volume":"14","author":"Gradin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Test. Eval."},{"issue":"18","key":"2024022202373166400_c12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1177\/073168449901801804","article-title":"Progressive Failure Analysis of Adhesive Bonded Joints With Laminated Composite Adherends","volume":"18","author":"Bogdanovich","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Reinf. Plast. Comp."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022202373166400_c13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE20130102","article-title":"Cohesive Zone Property Measurement by a Hybrid Experimental and Numerical Method Using Ball Indentations","volume":"43","author":"Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Test. Eval."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024022202373166400_c14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2010.11.014","article-title":"Modelling the Fracture Behaviour of Adhesively-Bonded Joints as a Function of Test Rate","volume":"78","author":"Karac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c15","volume-title":"Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Metal Joints","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c16","volume-title":"Adhesives\u2014Determination of the Mode 1 Adhesive Fracture Energy of Structural Adhesive Joints Using Double Cantilever Beam and Tapered Double Cantilever Beam Specimens, Standards Catalogue","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024022202373166400_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-7496(03)00047-2","article-title":"Measuring the Mode I Adhesive Fracture Energy, GIC, of Structural Adhesive Joints: The Results of an International Round-Robin","volume":"23","author":"Blackman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022202373166400_c18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2010.09.005","article-title":"Mode I Fracture Toughness of Adhesively Bonded Joints as a Function of Temperature: Experimental and Numerical Study","volume":"31","author":"Banea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024022202373166400_c19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/mawe.201100808","article-title":"Fracture Toughness of a Structural Adhesive Under Mixed Mode Loadings","volume":"42","author":"da Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Materialwiss. Werkst."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2013.08.001","article-title":"Mechanical Characterization of a High Elongation and High Toughness Epoxy Adhesive","volume":"47","author":"Saldanha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024022202373166400_c21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2009.10.009","article-title":"Fracture R-Curve Characterization of Toughened Epoxy Adhesives","volume":"77","author":"Ameli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"issue":"13","key":"2024022202373166400_c22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2009.05.011","article-title":"Fracture Load Predictions and Measurements for Highly Toughened Epoxy Adhesive Joints","volume":"76","author":"Azari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c23","volume-title":"Structural Adhesives. Preparation Method of Structural Adhesive Plates for Characterization Test Pieces","year":"1988"},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c24","unstructured":"Pinto, S. D. 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A.\n          , 2013, \u201cDesenvolvimento de Ferramentas e Provetes para o Ensaio Thick Adherend Shear Test (TAST) [Development of Tools and Specimens for the Thick Adherend Shear Test (TAST)],\u201d MSc Thesis, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Portugal."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c26","volume-title":"Adhesives\u2014Determination of Shear Behaviour; Part 2: Thick-Adherend Shear Test Method","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024022202373166400_c27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1631433","article-title":"Effect of Bond Thickness on the Fracture Toughness of Adhesive Joints","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Eng. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c28","volume-title":"Plastics. 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J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2013.02.001","article-title":"Modeling Effects of Asymmetry and Fiber Bridging on Mode I Fracture Behaviour of Bonded Pultruded Composite Joints","volume":"99","author":"Shahverdi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"issue":"20","key":"2024022202373166400_c36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2010.04.099","article-title":"Fracture R-Curve of a Toughened Epoxy Adhesive as a Function of Irreversible Degradation","volume":"527","author":"Ameli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"2024022202373166400_c37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2008.04.003","article-title":"Crack Equivalent Concept Applied to the Fracture Characterization of Bonded Joints Under Pure Mode I Loading","volume":"68","author":"de Moura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c38","unstructured":"Neto, J. A. B.\n          , 2011, \u201cEstudo Param\u00e9trico de Juntas Adesivas em Material Comp\u00f3sito [Parametric Study of Composite Bonded Joints],\u201d MSc thesis, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2014.01.015","article-title":"Adherend Thickness Effect on the Tensile Fracture Toughness of a Structural Adhesive Using an Optical Data Acquisition Method","volume":"53","author":"Campilho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"2024022202373166400_c40","unstructured":"Constante, C. J.\n          , 2014, \u201cUtiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de M\u00e9todos \u00d3pticos de Correla\u00e7\u00e3o de Imagem para a Determina\u00e7\u00e3o da Tenacidade \u00e0 Fratura de Adesivos Estruturais [Use of Digital Image Correlation Methods for the Estimation of the Fracture Toughness of Structural Adhesives],\u201d MSc Thesis. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Portugal."}],"container-title":["Journal of Testing and Evaluation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/testingevaluation\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/398\/7242315\/10_1520_jte20150335.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/testingevaluation\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/398\/7242315\/10_1520_jte20150335.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T03:19:49Z","timestamp":1708571989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/testingevaluation\/article\/45\/2\/398\/1190659\/Strength-and-Fracture-Characterization-of-a-Novel"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/jte20150335","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3973","1945-7553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3973","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]}}}