{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:03:11Z","timestamp":1793412191978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Guilford Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Education and Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> People transitioning from incarceration to community-based HIV care experience HIV stigma, incarceration stigma, and the convergence of these stigmas with social inequities. The objective of this study is to understand intersectional stigma among people returning from incarceration with HIV in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 42 study participants. We analyzed transcript segments and memos from these interviews. Our results showed that anticipated HIV stigma increased participants' difficulty with disclosure and treatment collection. Incarceration stigma, particularly the mark of a criminal record, decreased socioeconomic stability in ways that negatively affected medication adherence. These stigmas converged with stereotypes that individuals were inherently criminal \u201cbandits.\u201d Male participants expressed concerns that disclosing their HIV status would lead others to assume they had engaged in sexual activity with men while incarcerated. AIDS education and prevention efforts will require multilevel stigma interventions to improve HIV care outcomes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2021.33.3.202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T14:44:59Z","timestamp":1621521899000},"page":"202-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intersectional Stigma Among People Transitioning From Incarceration to Community-Based HIV Care in Gauteng Province, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1521","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Woznica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasiphi","family":"Ntombela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."},{"name":"Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonderai","family":"Mabuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Owczarzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"377","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549101250S109"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.202"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2011.07.002"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300342"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2015.27.6.566"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-7899-1-3"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2015.27.2.167"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0457"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.15.1.49.23844"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2197-0"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.021"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60951-X"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033309"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/iht016"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2015.06.001"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Annual Report: 2015\/2016","author":"Department of Correctional Services","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30466-4"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-80"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031811-124614"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25198"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460707075803"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"25","volume":"33","author":"Gear S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"South African Crime Quarterly"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4223-x"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.15.3.17362"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"69","volume":"2","author":"Gillespie K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Race\/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity","author":"Goffman E.","year":"1963"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.063768"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.1.19032"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.21484"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.18.1.19984"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1253"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301069"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2008.00116.x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302635"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1325"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-017-0054-1"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12366"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ev.1427"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30209-6"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198118760682"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8417-2"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1405012"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir032"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2013.779738"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000203"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315588501"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"The law and the business of criminal record expungement in South Africa","author":"Muntingh L.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Race, gender and socio-economic status in law enforcement in South Africa\u2014Are there worrying signs?","author":"Muntingh L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374403"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00304-0"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509670902979447"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16046"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1244-y"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30379-8"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.001"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-015-0030-6"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650704800202"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref65","first-page":"349","volume":"2015","author":"Schnittker J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wisconsin Law Review"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Justice gained? Crime and crime control in South Africa's transition","author":"Simpson G.","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref67","volume-title":"Let Our Actions Count: South Africa's National Strategic Plan for HIV, TB and STIs 2017\u20132022","author":"South Africa National AIDS Council","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.3.18734"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"Nongoloza's Children: Western Cape prison gangs during and after apartheid","author":"Steinberg J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"The number: One man's search for identity in the Cape underworld and prison gangs","author":"Steinberg J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.06.003"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azq063"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azp084"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042614542512"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244016629524"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689806292430"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30578-5"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415584467"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1671-8"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303744"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1246-9"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30259-3"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v14i2.77"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511522291"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510390961"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0472-6"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02467.x"}],"container-title":["AIDS Education and Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T14:45:43Z","timestamp":1621521943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/guilfordjournals.com\/doi\/10.1521\/aeap.2021.33.3.202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1521\/aeap.2021.33.3.202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/aeap.2021.33.3.202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}}}