{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:14:29Z","timestamp":1788293669301,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Guilford Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Education and Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> HIV testing is the point of entry for linkage to treatment and prevention and is critically important to ending the HIV epidemic. HIV self-testing (HST) is an acceptable, user-controlled tool that can address testing barriers, which is especially important for populations who need to test frequently, like women who exchange or trade sex for money or other needed resources (WES) and women who use drugs. HST is feasible and acceptable among WES, but research among WES who also use drugs is limited, particularly in places like Kazakhstan, where HIV rates remain high and where scale-up of HST and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is in process. To develop effective programming, there is a need to develop tailored services for WES and\/or use drugs that address key barriers. We discuss opportunities to increase HST and linkage to services among WES and\/or use drugs in Kazakhstan, with a focus on stigma reduction. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2024.36.3.216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T18:30:36Z","timestamp":1719340236000},"page":"216-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Scaling Up HIV Self-Testing and Linkage to Care Among Women Who Exchange Sex and\/or Use Drugs in Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.1521","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Brooke S.","family":"West","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meruyert","family":"Darisheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research Center for Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"McCrimmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Zholnerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amelia NGO, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Grigorchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Friends NGO, Almaty, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Starbird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assel","family":"Terlikbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research Center for Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sholpan","family":"Primbetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research Center for Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baurzhan","family":"Baiserkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhannat","family":"Mussina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayrankul","family":"Kasymbekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Cordingley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Frye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"377","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Stigma index in countries of Central Asia: Results of the studies in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tadzhikistane","author":"Amanzholov N.","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Re-port: Documenting Human Rights Abuse (HRADP)","author":"Amelia NGO","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30343-1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03034-6"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70066-X"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.022"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111252"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60933-8"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1164293"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-008-9169-0"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/308793"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.07.033"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25243"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002442"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","first-page":"195","volume":"21","author":"Chidrawi H. 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