{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:32:43Z","timestamp":1772559163964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Guilford Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Education and Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the United States (U.S.), sexual minority youth (SMY) are disproportionately impacted by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and structurally marginalized from routine testing for HIV and STI. This study examines neighborhood violence predictors (saw violence, safety concerns, and being threatened) on HIV and STI testing among a sample of SMY in the U.S. Data came from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System (YRBSS). Weighted bivariate and multilevel logistic regressions examined the odds of ever testing for HIV and STIs in the past 12 months and neighborhood violence. Our weighted sample (n = 806) had a mean age of 16 years, majority female (80%), and identified as White (53%). SMY reported increased odds of testing for HIV and STI when witnessing someone get physically attacked, beaten, stabbed, or shot in their neighborhood, felt unsafe at school or on their way to or from school, or threatened or injured with a weapon on school property. Additionally, increased odds of testing for HIV and STIs patterned exposure to neighborhood violence among SMY who identified as male, of color (non-White), and multi-ethnoracial background. The study highlights the need for examining potential protective social-structural factors that complicate the relationship between HIV and STI testing and exposure to neighborhood violence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2026.38.1.29","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T16:23:35Z","timestamp":1772123015000},"page":"29-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neighborhood Violence Impacts on HIV and STI Testing Among Sexual Minority Youth in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1521","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Bryce Puesta","family":"Takenaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut."},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, School of Public Health, Yale University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sitara M.","family":"Weerakoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sobrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology at The City University of New York."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Jose","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ucheoma","family":"Nwaozuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Implementation Science, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fidelis","family":"Sesenu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kokeb","family":"Ansarizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justino J.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, School of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ijeoma","family":"Opara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut."},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, School of Public Health, Yale University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"377","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01467-4"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2019.0001"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.307139"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61118-6"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.905706"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0165"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100798"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1180-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9060673"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01394"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-017-0198-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03448-w"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122421994219"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2004.0029"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.04.035"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, December 23). Adolescent and school health. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/terminology\/sexual-and-gender-identity-terms.htm"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024a). HIV surveillance supplemental report: Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2018\u20132022. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/156513"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"National overview of STIs in 2023","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"September 27 is national Gay Men's HIV\/AIDS Awareness Day","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted infections surveillance, 2024 (Provisional)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2023.35.1.36"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.01.002"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558415605382"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7988-9_27"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16111922"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Neighborhoods and health","author":"Duncan D. T.","year":"2018","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-48744-7_9"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Field T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry Research Reviews & Reports"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0552-3"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2081-x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.120865"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300213"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000319493.21628.c6"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052889"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265034"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002965"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref37","first-page":"985","volume":"63","author":"Hatzenbuehler M. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Clinics"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12761-5"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000145850.12858.87"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2010.22.6.509"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195138382.001.0001"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2013.873532"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0868-y"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-023-00801-3"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9075-9"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001594"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"The 2021 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of LGBTQ+ youth in our nation's schools. A report from GLSEN","author":"Kosciw J. G.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"The 2019 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation's schools. A re-port from GLSEN","author":"Kosciw J. G.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03468-6"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-010-9344-7"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-010-9352-7"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19361653.2023.2200425"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032704"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275388"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0719-x"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7482-2_3"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2013.0023"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su7201a1"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2022.10.004"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-021-01069-6"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.06.014"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2016.09.004"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319241291758"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0249"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301387"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X211047762"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1271937"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2018.0047"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0134"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-019-00515-8"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-012-0149-z"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.13796"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-022-00665-z"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001669"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-0068-5"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.01.002"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.02.034"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12623"},{"key":"ref79","volume-title":"Defending women from gender ideology extremism and restoring biological truth to the federal government","author":"The White House","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.05.017"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/15.1.97"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98152-9_10"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9901-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref84","first-page":"364","volume":"42","author":"Wright A. W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"}],"container-title":["AIDS Education and Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:24:02Z","timestamp":1772555042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/guilfordjournals.com\/doi\/10.1521\/aeap.2026.38.1.29"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1521\/aeap.2026.38.1.29"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/aeap.2026.38.1.29","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}