{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:40:06Z","timestamp":1756820406112,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Guilford Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychodynamic Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This study investigated the relation between defense mechanisms and Dark Triad traits using a cross-sectional correlational design with a sample (N = 307) recruited online using the Prolific platform. We hypothesized that immature defense mechanisms would positively correlate with the so-called Dark Triad traits of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. We found this hypothesis supported for psychopathy and Machiavellianism, but not narcissism. Instead, we found that mature defense mechanisms were positively correlated with narcissism. Our findings partly replicate previous research on this topic by Jonason and colleagues and Richardson and Boag. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1521\/pdps.2025.53.3.394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:00:41Z","timestamp":1756818041000},"page":"394-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mature Defense Mechanisms Positively Correlate with Narcissistic Traits of the Dark Triad Cluster of Personality Traits"],"prefix":"10.1521","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"William H.","family":"Gottdiener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim R.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KR Love Quantitative Consulting and Collaboration"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chicago School of Professional Psychology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"377","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199304000-00006","volume":"181","author":"Andrews G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice","author":"Bateman A.","year":"2019","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Psychological adaptive mechanisms: Ego defense recognition in practice and research","author":"Beresford T. P.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Studies in Machiavellianism","author":"Christie R. C.","year":"1970"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.00064","volume":"67","author":"Cramer P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Protecting the self: Defense mechanisms in action","author":"Cramer P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Treating pathological narcissism with transferenced-focused psychotherapy (Psychoanalysis and psychological science series).","author":"Diamond D.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"257","volume-title":"APA handbook of forensic psychology: Vol. 1. Individual and situational influences in criminal and civil contexts","volume":"1","author":"Douglas K. S.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116643161","volume":"24","author":"Dowgwillo E. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"67","volume-title":"The standard edition of the complete works of Sigmund Freud","volume":"14","author":"Freud S.","year":"1957"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027381","volume":"33","author":"Gleser G. C.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Gordon R. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology and Psychoanalysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181d6172d","volume":"198","author":"Gregory R. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.08.003","volume":"137","author":"Jonason P. K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113514105","volume":"21","author":"Jones D. N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"7","volume":"1","author":"Kernberg O. F.","year":"1995","journal-title":"The European Journal of Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Major theories of personality disorder","author":"Kernberg O. F.","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Handbook of psychodynamic approaches to psychopathology","author":"Luyten P.","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"The psychopathic mind: Origins, dynamics, and treatment","author":"Meloy J. R.","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1037\/12326-001","volume-title":"Shame in the therapy hour","author":"Morrison A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000492","volume":"21","author":"Patrick C. J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Manual for the self-report psychopathy scale","author":"Paulhus D. L.","year":"2009","edition":"4"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1080\/07351690.2021.1971470","volume":"41","author":"Pfeffer J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoanalytic Inquiry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/14041-006","volume-title":"Understanding and treating pathological narcissism","author":"Pincus A. L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4502_10","volume":"45","author":"Raskin R. N.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.12.039","volume":"92","author":"Richardson E. N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Psychotherapy of neurotic character","author":"Shapiro D.","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Dynamics of character: Self-regulation in psychopathology","author":"Shapiro D.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Psychodynamic therapy: A guide to evidence-based practice","author":"Summers R. F.","year":"2024","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/bumc.2021.85.3.271"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/14854-001","volume-title":"The dark side of personality: Science and practice in social, personality, and clinical psychology","author":"Ziegler-Hill V.","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Psychodynamic Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:01:23Z","timestamp":1756818083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/guilfordjournals.com\/doi\/10.1521\/pdps.2025.53.3.394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1521\/pdps.2025.53.3.394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/pdps.2025.53.3.394","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-2590"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-2590","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}