{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:38:12Z","timestamp":1784050692097,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Guilford Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Personality Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Changes in narcissistic traits (e.g., entitlement) following the ceremonial use of ayahuasca were examined across three timepoints (baseline, postretreat, 3-month follow-up) in a sample of 314 adults using self- and informant-report (N = 110) measures. Following ceremonial use of ayahuasca, self-reported changes in narcissism were observed (i.e., decreases in Narcissistic Personality Inventory [NPI] Entitlement-Exploitativeness, increases in NPI Leadership Authority, decreases in a proxy measure of narcissistic personality disorder [NPD]). However, effect size changes were small, results were somewhat mixed across convergent measures, and no significant changes were observed by informants. The present study provides modest and qualified support for adaptive change in narcissistic antagonism up to 3 months following ceremony experiences, suggesting some potential for treatment efficacy. However, meaningful changes in narcissism were not observed. More research would be needed to adequately evaluate the relevance of psychedelic-assisted therapy for narcissistic traits, particularly studies examining individuals with higher antagonism and involving antagonism-focused therapeutic approaches. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2023.37.2.131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T17:35:31Z","timestamp":1680370531000},"page":"131-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Examining the Therapeutic Effect of Ceremonial Ayahuasca on Narcissistic Personality and Antagonistic Externalizing in Adults"],"prefix":"10.1521","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Brandon","family":"Weiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, Division of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Sleep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Keith","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"377","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191110382845"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06123-7"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221080165"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000363"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2009.10400530"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115609019"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565144"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2096"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming","author":"Byrne B. M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa8301_04"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167205274855"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30065-7"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032994"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002901"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.44.s3"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEOFFI) professional manual","author":"Costa P. T.","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12464"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.09.003"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.82"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12904"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00650"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918477117"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2004.11.006"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.04.003"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033192"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.08.007"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"LSD psychotherapy","author":"Grof S.","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"Hair J.","year":"2010","edition":"7"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","first-page":"40","volume":"20","author":"Harrison J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"MAPS Bulletin"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113513851"},{"key":"ref34","volume":"7","author":"James W.","year":"1882","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114548296"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2018_32_384"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000323"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000258"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868316685018"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20844"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000579"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"The psychedelic experience: Manual based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead","author":"Leary T.","year":"1964"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22833"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021146"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2019.05.012"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.3.401"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5906.2012.01685.x"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000004"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2017.1381968"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1580804"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2012.00773.x"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.10.003"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2009.02.001"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2017.1310731"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2063-13.2013"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05601-0"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00269"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.12.005"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05464-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref62","first-page":"149","volume":"5","author":"Pahnke W. N.","year":"1969","journal-title":"International Psychiatry Clinics"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001356"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx047"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2019.1679069"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"Counseling, peak experiences and the human encounter with death: An empirical study of the efficacy of DPT-assisted counseling in enhancing the quality of life of persons with terminal cancer and their closest family members","author":"Richards W. A.","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.09.013"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675512"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.18.3.286.35446"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.07.002"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Plants of the gods: Origins of hallucinogenic use","author":"Schultes R. E.","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000501"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05817-8"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05568-y"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017908"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2721"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116642538"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4803_12"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814627-9.00015-3"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92171-6_1"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84746-0"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.749788"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191120916797"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2019.007"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.11.001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Personality Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T17:36:03Z","timestamp":1680370563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/guilfordjournals.com\/doi\/10.1521\/pedi.2023.37.2.131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1521\/pedi.2023.37.2.131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/pedi.2023.37.2.131","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-579X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-579X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}}}