{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:43:46Z","timestamp":1790142226078,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]],"date-time":"2011-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2780,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Suicide &amp; Life Threat Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals have been theorized to develop anaclitic and introjective depression to the extent that they may be characterized as dependent and self\u2010critical, respectively (e.g., <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b7\">Blatt, 1990<\/jats:ext-link>). Blatt's theory was applied to suicidal behavior to determine if suicidal behavior could also be reliably broken down into two distinctive types, with respect to a number of parameters. Sixty\u2010four undergraduate students who had attempted suicide were interviewed, and the lethality of their attempts was assessed with the Risk\u2010Rescue Rating scale (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b40\">Weisman &amp; Worden, 1972<\/jats:ext-link>). Participants were also administered an Intent and Precipitating Events scale, a modified version of the BDI\u2010II, and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ). Self\u2010critical individuals showed greater intent to die and greater lethality in their suicide attempts than did dependents. Self\u2010critics were also more likely to attempt in response to an intrapsychic stressor, with the explicit motivation to escape. In contrast, dependents were more likely to attempt in response to an interpersonal stressor, with the motivation to communicate some form of unhappiness. Implications for suicide prediction and treatment are discussed, with special reference to the importance of identifying different suicidal subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.33.2.172.22777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,16]],"date-time":"2003-12-16T13:40:26Z","timestamp":1071582026000},"page":"172-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Dependency and Self\u2010Criticism as Predictors of Suicidal Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Norman","family":"Fazaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.11.1360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199711000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches","author":"Beck A. 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