{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:54:18Z","timestamp":1792788858340,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":182,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01EY12354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY12354"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01EY14701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY14701"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["EY028719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY028719"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["EY028188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY028188"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["eNeuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The first retinal synapse, photoreceptor\u2192bipolar cell (BC), is both anatomically and functionally complex. Within the same synaptic region, a change in presynaptic glutamate release is sensed by both ON BCs (DBCs) via the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6), and OFF BCs (HBCs) via ionotropic glutamate receptors to establish parallel signaling pathways that preferentially encode light increments (ON) or decrements (OFF), respectively. The synaptic structural organization of ON and OFF-type BCs at the photoreceptor terminal differs. DBCs make an invaginating synapse that contains a diverse but incompletely understood complex of interacting proteins (signalplex). HBCs make primarily flat contacts that contain an apparent different set of proteins that is equally uncharacterized. LRIT3 is a synaptic protein known to be essential for ON pathway visual function. In both male and female mice, we demonstrate that LRIT3 interacts with and is required for expression of nyctalopin, and thus TRPM1 at all DBC dendritic tips, but DBC signalplex components are not required for LRIT3 expression. Using whole-cell and multielectrode array (MEA) electrophysiology and glutamate imaging, we demonstrate that the loss of LRIT3 impacts both ON and OFF signaling pathway function. Without LRIT3, excitatory input to type 1 BCs is reduced, as are the visually evoked responses of many OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We conclude that the absence of LRIT3 expression disrupts excitatory input to OFF BCs and, thus disrupts the normal function of OFF RGCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0002-20.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T17:45:18Z","timestamp":1579542318000},"page":"ENEURO.0002-20.2020","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["LRIT3 is Required for Nyctalopin Expression and Normal ON and OFF Pathway Signaling in the Retina"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nazarul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gobinda","family":"Pangeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Fransen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Noel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9867-4940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart G.","family":"Borghuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9781-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maureen A.","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5805-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald G.","family":"Gregg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.1","first-page":"1595","article-title":"Role of the \u03b22 subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels in the retinal outer plexiform layer","volume":"43","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.2","first-page":"1865","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of the outer plexiform layer in the Nob mouse","volume":"44","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1241-13.2013"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4941-13.2014"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1682-11.2011"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380623102X"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.03.033"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16462"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10985"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.10","first-page":"4180","article-title":"Nyctalopin is required for signaling through depolarizing bipolar cells in the murine retina","volume":"44","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.11","first-page":"3554","article-title":"Bipolar specific expression of nyctalopin fusion gene rescues No-B wave phenotype in Nob mice","volume":"46","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2023041302142062000_7.1.ENEURO.0002-20.2020.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregg RG , Ray TA , Hasan N , McCall MA , Peachey NS (2014) Interdependence among members of the mGluR6 G-protein mediated signalplex of retinal depararizing bipolar cells. 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