{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:02:14Z","timestamp":1780081334668,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["eneuro.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eNeuro"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We describe a novel method for adapting a two-photon scanning microscope to enable simultaneous detection of two-photon-generated visible fluorescence and single-photon-generated near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence. In this configuration, nIR fluorescence is routed through a single-mode optical fiber before detection by a photomultiplier tube. This fiber coupling offers two advantages: first, the optical fiber functions as a pinhole aperture, allowing for improved optical sectioning of the nIR signal; second, it minimizes nIR background fluorescence. To validate the effectiveness of this design, we conducted two sets of experiments in male and female C57B\/6J mice. First, we compare two fluorescence indicators of the neurotransmitter dopamine: the genetically encoded indicator GRAB\n                    <jats:sub>DA<\/jats:sub>\n                    and single-walled carbon nanotube-based optical nanosensors (nIRCats). Although nIRCats exhibit lower affinity for dopamine than GRAB\n                    <jats:sub>DA<\/jats:sub>\n                    , this property allows for identification of high concentration release sites in the striatum. Second, we simultaneously imaged depolarization-induced calcium changes and dopamine release in the retina. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of integrating confocal nIR detection into a two-photon platform for simultaneous functional imaging across complementary spectral channels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0010-26.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:50:12Z","timestamp":1776448212000},"page":"ENEURO.0010-26.2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/eneuro.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adapting a Two-Photon Scanning Microscope for Simultaneous Single-Photon Imaging of an Infrared Dopamine 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