{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:53:31Z","timestamp":1790520811184,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 NS069220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS069220"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AT008632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AT008632"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NINDS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["eneuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The pre-B\u00f6tzinger (pre-B\u00f6tC) and B\u00f6tzinger (B\u00f6tC) complexes are the brainstem compartments containing interneurons considered to be critically involved in generating respiratory rhythm and motor pattern in mammals. Current models postulate that both generation of the rhythm and coordination of the inspiratory-expiratory pattern involve inhibitory synaptic interactions within and between these regions. Both regions contain glycinergic and GABAergic neurons, and rhythmically active neurons in these regions receive appropriately coordinated phasic inhibition necessary for generation of the normal three-phase respiratory pattern. However, recent experiments attempting to disrupt glycinergic and GABAergic postsynaptic inhibition in the pre-B\u00f6tC and B\u00f6tC in adult rats\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    have questioned the critical role of synaptic inhibition in these regions, as well as the importance of the B\u00f6tC, which contradicts previous physiological and pharmacological studies. To further evaluate the roles of synaptic inhibition and the B\u00f6tC, we bilaterally microinjected the GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor antagonist gabazine and glycinergic receptor antagonist strychnine into the pre-B\u00f6tC or B\u00f6tC in anesthetized adult rats\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and in perfused\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    brainstem\u2013spinal cord preparations from juvenile rats. Muscimol was microinjected to suppress neuronal activity in the pre-B\u00f6tC or B\u00f6tC. In both preparations, disrupting inhibition within pre-B\u00f6tC or B\u00f6tC caused major site-specific perturbations of the rhythm and disrupted the three-phase motor pattern, in some experiments terminating rhythmic motor output. Suppressing B\u00f6tC activity also potently disturbed the rhythm and motor pattern. We conclude that inhibitory circuit interactions within and between the pre-B\u00f6tC and B\u00f6tC critically regulate rhythmogenesis and are required for normal respiratory motor pattern generation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0011-16.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T21:30:20Z","timestamp":1462224620000},"page":"ENEURO.0011-16.2016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Perturbations of Respiratory Rhythm and Pattern by Disrupting Synaptic Inhibition within Pre-B\u00f6tzinger and B\u00f6tzinger Complexes"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitaliy","family":"Marchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidehiko","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Mosher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2952-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naohiro","family":"Koshiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad F.","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana 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