{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:00:37Z","timestamp":1790704837493,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000882","name":"Brain Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001391","name":"Whitehall Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ND | Stamps Scholars Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eneuro.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eNeuro"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The hippocampus and neocortex are thought to undergo reorganization to incorporate new information during learning. How can we identify network states that indicate learning is occurring? In the hippocampus, one network signature with these properties is the sharp wave\u2013ripple (SWR), which occurs more frequently during initial learning. However, it remains unclear which neural signatures track changes in neocortical networks during learning. We therefore recorded local field potentials simultaneously from the dorsal hippocampus (CA1) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) as male rats learned spatial navigation tasks. After animals reached goal locations, we found beta frequency (\u223c20\u2005Hz) oscillations in PFC that increased in power with improvements in performance across days of training. In contrast, the rate and size of hippocampal SWRs decreased over the same period. Furthermore, goal-entry beta in PFC but not in CA1 was correlated with reward likelihood. Our results suggest that neocortical beta oscillations develop gradually as learning occurs, which stands in contrast to the reduction in hippocampal SWRs as the task becomes familiar. We hypothesize that PFC beta oscillations and hippocampal SWRs are complementary markers of experience-dependent change in hippocampal\u2013neocortical networks during learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0048-26.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:50:27Z","timestamp":1789581027000},"page":"ENEURO.0048-26.2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/eneuro.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Goal Location Beta Oscillations and Sharp Wave\u2013Ripples Are Complementary Markers of Learning-Related Changes in Hippocampal\u2013Neocortical Networks"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sameera","family":"Shridhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Leveroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2243-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellie","family":"Quattrocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey E.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaquelin","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3049-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie M.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0628-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jai Y.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2874-15.2016"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.07.047"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90423-5"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.2.81"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22488"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0464-6"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.11.035"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152926","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1152926","article-title":"Losses resulting from deliberate exploration trigger beta oscillations in frontal cortex","volume":"17","author":"Chernyshev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ENEURO.0202-21.2021","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0202-21.2021","article-title":"GhostiPy: an efficient signal processing and spectral analysis toolbox for large data","volume":"8","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.056"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.10.004"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.288381"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.06.009","article-title":"Opposing, multiplexed information in lateral and ventral orbitofrontal cortex guides sequential foraging decisions in rats","volume":"113","author":"Cunningham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3366-15.2016"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.82833"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04587"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56340-y","article-title":"High beta rhythm amplitude in olfactory learning signs a well-consolidated and non-flexible behavioral state","volume":"9","author":"Fourcaud-Trocm\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00018-0"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0569-16.2016"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2007.10.006"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00051","article-title":"Lesions of the orbitofrontal but not medial prefrontal cortex affect cognitive judgment bias in rats","volume":"11","author":"Golebiowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13021"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72128-x","article-title":"Beta oscillations following performance feedback predict subsequent recall of task-relevant information","volume":"10","author":"HajiHosseini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz144"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0360-x"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2322869121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322869121","article-title":"Beta and theta oscillations track effort and previous reward in the human basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex during decision making","volume":"121","author":"Hoy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43939-z","article-title":"The role of experience in prioritizing hippocampal replay","volume":"14","author":"Huelin Gorriz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13162"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01532-4"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217230"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40044-z","article-title":"Nucleus reuniens transiently synchronizes memory networks at beta frequencies","volume":"14","author":"Jayachandran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss027"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17144"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065796000476"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.112.3.541"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005494"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-024-01208-6"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0448"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0858-25.2025"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.05.004"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22268"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2024.03.010"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.08.023"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.11.014"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3433-03.2004"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00524.2007"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.102.3.419"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2023.1187272"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.51","unstructured":"Paxinos G , Watson C (2007) The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates , Ed 6. San Diego: Academic Press."},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53045"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.11.016"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.027"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/FENEURO.0170-17.2017"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.03.033"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79545","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.79545","article-title":"Rhythmic coordination and ensemble dynamics in the hippocampal-prefrontal network during odor-place associative memory and decision making","volume":"11","author":"Symanski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2291-17.2017"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.02.006"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05454-7"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026044","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab77f9","article-title":"An easy-to-assemble, robust, and lightweight drive implant for chronic tetrode recordings in freely moving animals.","volume":"17","author":"Voigts","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18435-3"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.63","first-page":"669642","article-title":"Distinct goal location beta frequency dynamics in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex across learning.","volume":"2025.08.11","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3764"},{"key":"2026092910501469000_13.9.ENEURO.0048-26.2026.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49600-7"}],"container-title":["eneuro"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0048-26.2026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0048-26.2026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:50:28Z","timestamp":1790704228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eneuro.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0048-26.2026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/ENEURO.0048-26.2026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/eneuro.0048-26.2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-2822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-2822","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}}}