{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:08:07Z","timestamp":1789153687455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":193,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Senshu Univerity","award":["R06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eneuro.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eNeuro"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ambient luminance varies widely, and retinal output is shaped by adaptation-dependent gain control. Relative to the adaptation level, a decrease in light intensity can either return intensity toward the adaptation level or drive it farther away from that level. Whether OFF retinal outputs signal both changes simply as light-intensity decrements or distinguish them according to their relationship to the adaptation level is currently unclear. This study examined OFF sustained retinal ganglion cells in bullfrogs (\n                    <jats:italic>Rana catesbeiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of either sex and quantified response bias by comparing spike counts during decrements that moved toward and away from the adaptation level. Responses fell into two functional populations: one signaled decrements in both cases, whereas the other selectively signaled decrements that moved away from the adaptation level, indicating adaptation level-referenced encoding. Although surround suppression was considered a possible contributor to these differences, manipulations expected to reduce classical surround contributions did not explain the selective suppression of responses during decrements that moved toward the adaptation level. Blocking GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors (GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    Rs) consistently weakened the response asymmetry between decrements that moved toward and away from the adaptation level, suggesting that GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    R-dependent inhibition contributes to the mechanism underlying adaptation level-referenced responses. Taken together, these findings reveal a distinct computation for light-intensity decrement processing and expand the functional diversity of OFF outputs across light-intensity contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0061-26.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:50:11Z","timestamp":1787248211000},"page":"ENEURO.0061-26.2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/eneuro.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Computation for Dimming Relative to the Adaptation Level in the Frog 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