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Previous studies have focused on the direct physical injuries to the neural tissue caused by the concussive blow. We study a similar behavior in a simple vertebrate, the<jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>tadpole. We find that concussion-like behavior can be reliably induced by the mechanosensory stimulation of the head skin without direct physical impacts on the brain. Head skin stimulation activates a cholinergic pathway which then opens G protein-coupled inward-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) via postsynaptic M<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>muscarinic receptors to inhibit brainstem neurons critical for the initiation and maintenance of swimming for up to minutes and can explain many features commonly observed immediately after concussion. We propose that some acute symptoms of concussion in vertebrates can be explained by the opening of GIRKs following mechanosensory stimulation to the head.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0073-17.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T00:10:10Z","timestamp":1492647010000},"page":"ENEURO.0073-17.2017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mechanosensory Stimulation Evokes Acute Concussion-Like Behavior by Activating GIRKs Coupled to Muscarinic Receptors in a Simple Vertebrate"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1179-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0773-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Yue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Ritson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041302115161000_4.2.ENEURO.0073-17.2017.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/100.3.489"},{"key":"2023041302115161000_4.2.ENEURO.0073-17.2017.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.11.021"},{"key":"2023041302115161000_4.2.ENEURO.0073-17.2017.3","unstructured":"Bolouri H , Zetterberg H (2015) Animal models for concussion: molecular and cognitive assessments-relevance to sport and military concussions. 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