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Here, we utilized immunohistochemistry, anatomical tracing, chemogenetic, and ex vivo electrophysiological approaches primarily in male mice, with female mice used only for an additional anatomical tracing control experiment, investigating how oxytocin modulates serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal populations. Employing the dual-eGRASP tool, we visualized oxytocinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Blocking oxytocin receptors in the DRN attenuated social interaction behavior. Additionally, analysis of c-Fos levels and neuronal excitability revealed that oxytocin inhibits serotonergic neurons while activating dopaminergic neurons in the DRN. Our findings suggest a bidirectional regulatory role of oxytocin signaling in the DRN serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0182-26.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:50:20Z","timestamp":1792173020000},"page":"ENEURO.0182-26.2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/eneuro.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxytocin Signaling Bidirectionally Modulates Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Neurons in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-0632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ja Eun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon 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