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In the fragile X syndrome (FXS) mouse model an impairment in motor skill learning and associated formation of new dendritic spines was previously reported. However, whether modulation of synaptic strength through trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) with motor skill training is impaired in FXS is not known. Here, we performed<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>imaging of a tagged AMPA receptor subunit, GluA2, in layer (L)2\/3 neurons in the primary motor cortex of wild-type (WT) and<jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>knock-out (KO) male mice at different stages of learning a single forelimb-reaching task. Surprisingly, in the<jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>KO mice, despite impairments in learning there was no deficit in motor skill training-induced spine formation. However, the gradual accumulation of GluA2 in WT stable spines, which persists after training is completed and past the phase of spine number normalization, is absent in the<jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>KO mouse. These results demonstrate that motor skill learning not only reorganizes circuits through formation of new synapses, but also strengthens existing synapses through accumulation of AMPA receptors and GluA2 changes are better associated with learning than new spine formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0364-22.2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T18:50:18Z","timestamp":1678474218000},"page":"ENEURO.0364-22.2023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impaired AMPARs Translocation into Dendritic Spines with Motor Skill Learning in the Fragile X Mouse 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