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Yet, the well-established low-pass filtering by neuronal membranes suggests minimal neuronal polarization in respond to charge-balanced kHz stimulation. The hippocampal brain slice model is among the most studied systems in neuroscience and exhaustively characterized in screening the effects of electrical stimulation. High-frequency electric fields of varied amplitudes (1\u2013150 V\/m), waveforms (sinusoidal, symmetrical pule, asymmetrical pulse) and frequencies (1 and10 kHz) were tested. Changes in single or paired-pulse field EPSPs (fEPSP) in CA1 were measured in response to radial-directed and tangential-directed electric fields, with brief (30 s) or long (30\u2009min) application times. The effects of kHz stimulation on ongoing endogenous network activity were tested in carbachol-induced \u03b3 oscillation of CA3a and CA3c. Across 23 conditions evaluated, no significant changes in fEPSP were resolved, while responses were detected for within-slice control direct current (DC) fields; 1-kHz sinusoidal and pulse stimulation (\u226560 V\/m), but not 10\u2009kHz, induced changes in oscillating neuronal network. We thus report no responses to low-amplitude 1-kHz or any 10-kHz fields, suggesting that any brain sensitivity to these fields is via yet to be-determined mechanism(s) of action which were not identified in our experimental preparation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0368-20.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T22:19:49Z","timestamp":1608157189000},"page":"ENEURO.0368-20.2020","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Limited Sensitivity of Hippocampal Synaptic Function or Network Oscillations to Unmodulated Kilohertz Electric 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