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We uncovered interesting biology of LPC 18:1, in which LPC 18:1 induced optic nerve function restoration through oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination in mouse model systems. Our<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>studies show LPC 18:1 protection against neuron-ectopic hyperdeimination and stimulation of oligodendrocyte maturation, while<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>investigations recorded optic nerve function improvement following optic nerve injections of LPC 18:1, in contrast with LPC 18:0. Thus, just a change in a single bond renders a dramatic alternation in biological function. The incorporation of isobaric C13-histidine in newly synthesized myelin proteins and quantitative proteome shifts are consistent with remyelination underlying restoration in optic nerve function. These results suggest that exogenous LPC 18:1 may provide a therapeutic avenue for stemming vision loss in demyelinating diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0429-21.2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T18:50:21Z","timestamp":1642099821000},"page":"ENEURO.0429-21.2022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Lyso-Lipid-Induced Oligodendrocyte Maturation Underlies Restoration of Optic Nerve Function"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8425-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anddre Osmar","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3759-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjoy 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